Expectation, Pain Outcomes, and Pain Medication Following Oncology Abdominal Surgery: A Cohort Study

All analgesics provided from the day of surgery until seven days after surgery, calculated in median/means for the different surgical groups

Patients' preoperative expectations evaluated by the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q. The questionnaire contains 15 questions where the patient can rate their expectations from 0 to ten. 0 is no relief, no benefit or no improvement, and ten represents the opposite. Maximum score is 130 indicating very high expectations.

Patients will be asked to measure pain during rest and mobilisation, and the location of the pain. Pain will be rated by the Numeric Rating Scale from 0 to ten. 0 is no pain and ten is the worst imaginable pain

Explore in which terms the patients´ expectations were fulfilled by interviewing the patients. We will use a semi-structured interview guide for this purpose.

We will interview the patients by phone and ask them to rate their pain and if they are still using analgesics. The pain will be rated by the Numeric Rating Scale from 0 to ten. 0 is no pain and ten is the worst imaginable pain. The analgesics will be mapped according to name and frequency used

The patients will be asked to fill out the QoR-15D questionnaire to rate their postoperative quality of recovery. The questionnaire contains 15 questions with a part A which rates every question from 0 indicating at no point to 10 all the time. Part B is the opposite. A high score indicates a good recovery and the score ranges from 0 to 150.

The patients will be asked to fill out the questionnaire EQ-5D-5L to measure health-related quality of life. The questionnaire contains five areas; ability to move, personal care, activities, pain and anxiety/depression. Every arera can be rated in five different ways differing from no problems to it is not possible to perform activities, extreme pain or anxiety. Finally the questionnaire includes a scale from 0 indicating the worst health you can imagine to 100 indicating the very best. The patient should place an X on the number indicating the self-evaluated health

The PCS (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) will be used for this purpose. The PCS is a 13-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure catastrophic thinking related to pain. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 0: Not at all, 1: To a slight degree, 2: To a moderate degree, 3: To a great degree, 4: All the time. The total PCS score ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater levels of pain catastrophizing. Scores ≥30 are considered to reflect a clinically relevant level of catastrophizing and correspond to the 75th percentile in chronic pain clinic populations. Scores between the 50th and 75th percentile (typically 20-29) indicate moderate risk, while scores above 30 suggest high risk for persistent pain and disability.

The patient's perceived quality of recovery will be monitored using the QoR-15D. The score ranges from 0 to 15025,26. An excellent quality will be considered for numbers from 136-150. Good quality for 122-135. Moderate quality: 90-121; poor quality: 0-89. Health-related quality of life will be collected preoperatively and at 30 days (+/-7 days) postoperatively using the EQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L uses five domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension is rated on five levels: 1. No problems. 2. Slight problems. 3. Moderate problems. 4. Severe problems. 5. Extreme problems (or unable to do).