Exercise Intervention and Dexterity in Parkinson

Change from baseline to postintervention in dexterity. This is assessed using the Purdue Pegboard Test.

The Purdue pegboard test is a timed physical test used to measure manual dexterity. Test subjects are asked to place small pins into holes in the pegboard using a specific hand and following a specific process.

Grip strength is measured using a Jamar dynamometer with a standard protocol allowing three attempts on each side. During each measurement, patients were sitting with their shoulder adducted and elbow flexed to 90°. The maximum value achieved from all six attempts was used in analyses.

Kg/cm2

The pressure pain threshold for each site (three points in upper extremities) is assessed using the pressure algometer. All assessments were made by the same investigator. All the subjects were trained to familiarize the subjects with the pressure algometry procedure before the measures in an anatomical site different from the chosen sites for this study.

Neurodynamic tests are used in upper extremities. It moves most of the nerves between the neck and hand, including the median nerve, radial and ulnar, brachial plexus, spinal nerves and cervical nerve roots.

The patient is placed supine position. It is measured with a goniometer.

The risk of falls is measured with the timed up and go. It measures in seconds, the time taken by an individual to stand up from a standard arm chair,walk a distance of 3 meters, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down.