Exchangeable Zinc Pool Size and Zn Absorption From Sprinkles and Traditional Foods in Pakistani Infants /Toddlers

In the nested study we aim to measure from a subgroup of recruited children in the main study, the amount of zinc absorbed from typical unfortified complementary foods consumed by Pakistani infants, and compare it with the same complementary food fortified by the addition of the Zn-containing Sprinkles and multi vitamins. Since EZP Exchangeable Zinc Pool is considered to be the gold standard for estimation of the actual concentration of zinc in the plasma that is readily available for cellular function, we would also calculate the EZP in this subset of samples.

The specific aim of the nested study will :

• Determine absorption of zinc (Zn) from a test meal consisting of typical local food with addition of a multiple-micronutrient Sprinkles product containing (10 mg of Zn) vs absorption from the same meal without zinc supplementation to those with no micronutrient fortification.
• Compare size of exchangeable Zn pool (EZP) for subjects who have been randomized to receive multi-micronutrient Sprinkle (MN) only with those who were randomized to (MN+Zn ) with control group.
• Children will be followed for growth monitoring for at least 2 years.
• Plasma zinc and phytates levels in the weaning diet will also be assessed.

Inclusion criteria

• Healthy Infants between the ages of 9 and 12 months and on weaning diet for at least 3 months.
• Infants who are currently recruited in the main zinc gates study and consuming sprinkles sachet containing micronutrient and zinc .

Exclusion criteria

• Infants with congenital anomalies
• Infants not on weaning diet
• Infants not consuming sprinkles sachet containing micronutrients