Evaluation of the Impact of Eating Habits on Children's Corpulence

Calculation of the odd-ratio (OR) between the risk of "overweight and/or obesity" in children (corresponding to a BMI z-score > 1) and family adherence to PNNS recommendations estimated from the "PNNS-GS2" score using a univariate logistic regression model.

The "Organic and Local Food Consumption" questionnaire (18) is used to estimate household consumption of organic products. The score obtained from this questionnaire will be evaluated in a similar way to the "PNNS-GS2" score.

We will study the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to the presence or absence of each listed risk factor belonging to the following categories:

• Children's physical activity and sports
• Favorable behaviors
• Household socio-demographic data
• Child's environment
• Parents' lifestyle
• Declarative medical data

We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the National Health Nutrition Program - Guidelines Score 2 (PNNS-GS2) score; The "PNNS-GS2" score assesses families' adherence to the PNNS-4 recommendations, based on a list of items relating to eating habits. Responses are grouped into quartiles to form comparison groups. In this study, the score is assessed at family level.

We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the "Organic and Local Food Consumption" score.

List of food groups

• Fruit
• Vegetables
• Soy
• Dairy products
• Meat and fish
• Eggs
• Grains and pulses
• Bread and cereals
• Flour
• Vegetable oils and condiments
• Prepared dishes
• Coffee/tea/tea tea
• Sweet products
• Food supplements
• Other foods

For each group, participants indicated their frequency of consumption

• Organic: "Most of the time", "From time to time", "Never".
• Locally produced: "Most of the time", "From time to time", "Never".

Two scores are created: "organic food score" for organically sourced food, and "local food score" for locally produced food, awarding:

• 2 points for "Most of the time
• 1 point for "Once in a while
• 0 points for "Never The two scores are added together to obtain the "organic and local food score".

We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group the distribution of the z-score and the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

In children, BMI is not a good representation of corpulence, as individual growth varies according to sex and age. We therefore use the BMI z-score (called "Z-score" in this study), which expresses the deviation of a child's BMI from the reference value according to sex and age.

The Z-score can be used to classify children into several categories according to the following limits:

• Extreme thinness
• Thin
• Normal build
• Overweight
• Obese

We will assess the impact of whether or not children are enrolled in the canteen by studying for each group prevalence of risk factors studied.

We will calculate the difference between the observed proportion of overweight or obese children in Mouans and that expected according to the data presented by the Protection Maternelle et Infantile des Alpes-Maritimes.

We will be collecting hair samples from volunteer children in Mouans, in order to build up a sample bank in parallel with the study, with a view to future work on measuring the presence of endocrine disruptors / pesticides.