Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Virtual Reality When Placing a Needle on an Implantable Venous Access Device in Children With Leukemia

Children and adolescents with acute leukemia frequently have anxiety-provoking and painful care in the management of their disease. As soon as the diagnosis is announced, the installation of a central line is recommended to allow the administration of chemotherapy treatments, parenteral nutrition, and blood tests. The implantable port (IP) is more often used than the central catheter. It allows the injection of drugs directly into the implantable port, through the skin using a specific needle whose caliber can be variable. This treatment, which can be repeated weekly, causes pain and anxiety for children. The use of skin anesthetic patches (EMLA®) is recommended to limit pain during needle installation. According to the literature, this system limits the pain associated with needle injections but does not reduce children's anxiety about this upcoming treatment. The repetition of the gesture, often for several months, is a source of discomfort and pain that only increases over time. A memorization of pain increases the apprehension of care by the child, his parents and can also create difficult care conditions for the caregiver. These children receive multiple treatments, which is why a non-drug intervention is recommended for the management of pain and anxiety. Standard distraction (e.g.: speech) is recommended but it is often insufficient. This is why the use of interactive or hypnotic virtual reality (VR) could improve the care of these children and in particular reduce anxiety and fear. The immersion of the child in a three-dimensional environment with sound and visual stimulation potentiates the diversion of his attention. Thus, it seems necessary to evaluate the impact of interactive or hypnotic virtual reality on pain and anxiety during repeated painful care in children with acute leukemia.

Inclusion criteria

• Children from 6 to 16 years old suffering from leukemia requiring needle insertion into an implantable port and having a life expectancy greater than or equal to 3 months
• Subjects and their parents who have been informed of the study and having expressed their informed consent
• Children without contraindications to the use of MEOPA® :
• Patient requiring 100% oxygen ventilation
• Intracranial hypertension
• Any alteration in the state of consciousness preventing the patient's cooperation
• Children without contraindication to the use of the virtual reality mask:
• Epilepsy
• Psychiatric illness
• Children and parents able to use the self-assessment scales proposed in the study
• Enrolment in the Social Security system

Exclusion criteria

Children from 6 to 16:

• Having a modification of pain's integration (spina bifida for example)
• Requiring contact isolation (conjunctivitis, contagious skin condition, etc.)
• With a history of seizures