Evaluation of a Brief Surf the Urge Intervention

Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. This self-report analysis of trait mindfulness consists of 39 items based on a 5-point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (Never or Very Rarely True) to 5 (Very Often or Always True). Questions assess five factors of mindfulness, including observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experiences, and non-reactivity to inner experiences.

The Urge for Urge-Related Behavior Questionnaire (UURBQ) will assess urges for urge-related behavior. Modifying two widely used valid and reliable measures will create this measure. These measures include the extensively utilized Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) and Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ).The UURBQ will leave "a drink" and "cocaine/coke" blank. This will allow me to fill in the blank with the necessary urge-related behavior (e.g., alcohol, illicit substance, cutting) for each participant assessed. There will be 8 items included within this measure. A slight modification of this measure's response scale will occur. Rather than a check mark along a line with a 0 (Strongly Agree) to 100 (Strongly Disagree) based on the AUQ and CCQ, responses will be based on a 7-point Likert Scales ranging from 0 (Strongly Agree) to 7 (Strongly Disagree). This measure will assess urges for numerous urge-related behaviors.

The Urge-Related Behavior Engagement Questionnaire measure was developed by modifying similar approaches utilized in previous research assessing whether mindfulness interventions reduced an urge-related behavior (e.g., smoking cessation). Participants will report, "How many times have you engaged in [urge-related behavior] during the past week?" I will fill in the blank (i.e., [urge-related behavior]) with the participant's unique urge-related behavior (e.g., alcohol use, illicit drug use, deliberate self-harm) disclosed during the consent procedure. This will ensure that each participant is asked the same question about his or her unique urge-related behavior. Responses will be based on a 6-point Likert scale. The response options will include, 0) not at all, 1) one to two times, 2) three to four times, 3) once per day for all 7 days, 4) more than once per day, but not for all 7 days, 5) more than once per day, on all 7 days.

This measure consists of 8 items based on a 4-point Likert scales. Each item has a different range 4-point Likert scale response. For example, ranging from 1 (Poor) to 4 (Excellent) or 1(No, Definitely) to 4 (Yes, Definitely).

age, gender, ethnicity, receiving intervention services elsewhere, relationship status

Self-report measure of personality consists of 155, True-False, items. This measure assesses 11 primary subscales of personality, with 12 items each, an Unlikely Virtues subscale that is 14 items, and 9 additional validity items (i.e., VRIN, TRIN). The subscales include: Wellbeing, Social Potency, Achievement, Social Closeness, Stress Reaction, Alienation, Aggression, Control, Harm Avoidance, Traditionalism, and Absorption.

The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale consists of 21 items based on a 4-point Likert scales, ranging from zero (Never or Did Not Apply to Me at All) to 3 (Almost Always or Applied to Me Very Much, or Most of the Time). This measure assesses wellbeing based on the three primary domains of a person's life: depression, anxiety, and stress; consequently, breaking this assessment into three subscales. Each subscale measures various domains of that construct; for example, the depression scale includes an assessment of dysphoria, hopelessness, and anhedonia.

This measure is comprised of a list of 50 words that increase in difficulty as the assessment progresses. The participant is required to read aloud the list and the researcher records the number of errors made. This assessment evaluates the individual's intelligence (i.e., crystallized intelligence) based on his ability to correctly read and pronounce these 50 words.

This Domain Specific Risk Taking Scale consists of 30 items based on three 7-point Likert scales. The first scale asks participants how likely they are to engage in the behavior ranging from 1 (Extremely Unlikely) to 7 (Extremely Likely). The participant is then asked how risky that behavior appears ranging from 1 (Not at all Risky) to 7 (Extremely Risky) and what the benefits are of that behavior from 1 (No Benefits at All) to 7 (Great Benefits). This self-report measure assesses the likelihood that a person will engage in five domains of risk behaviors (i.e., ethical, financial, health and safety, recreational, and social), as well as how risky the person perceives these behaviors to be and what benefits the person perceives will come from these behaviors. The scale is further broken into three subscales including: risk taking, risk perception, and risk benefits. Scores from the risk perception and risk benefits subscales combined to create a risk attitude score.

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavioral Scale assesses personality characteristics that lead to various impulsive like behaviors (e.g., Sensation Seeking's relationship with Extraversion). This measure consists of 59 items based on a 4-point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (Agree Strongly) to 4 (Disagree Strongly). This measure assesses impulsivity based on dimensions of the Five Factor Model of Personality and includes five sub-scales (i.e., Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, [lack of] Premeditation, Sensation Seeking, and [lack of] Perseverance).