Evaluating Treatable Traits Across the Spectrum of Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

Inclusion criteria

• Prior diagnosis of airways disease in accordance with European Respiratory Society guidelines.
• Non / ex-smokers (packs recorded as cigarettes per day / years smoked).
• Male or female aged 18-65 years
• Ability to provide written informed consent.
• Full comprehension of spoken and written English language.
• Cystic Fibrosis patients on triple CFTR modulators (90% cohort)
• Cystic Fibrosis patients on no CFTR modulators
• Healthy controls - entirely asymptomatic, no prior history of inhaler medication use and free from respiratory disease.

Exclusion criteria

• Severe exacerbation requiring hospital admission or oral corticosteroids (OCS) in the past two months.
• Absolute or relative contraindications to cardio-pulmonary exercise testing or submaximal exercise testing.
• Absolute or relative contraindications to pulmonary function testing .
• Absolute or relative contraindications to dual energy x-ray (DEXA) scanning (i.e., pregnancy, recent contrast media administration or subject weight).
• Non-ambulant or musculoskeletal impairment that may affect activities of daily living or maximal exercise testing.
• Significant cognitive impairment (i.e., unable to provide written informed consent or safely / successfully perform tests).
• Currently receiving oxygen therapy.
• Inability to consent.
• Burkholderia Cepacia Complex, mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium abseccus infection.
• Lung transplantation
• Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
• Abnormal blood screening (anaemia, moderate / severe renal failure etc.)