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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07289438

Enneagram Types, Eating Behaviors, and Psychological Well-Being

This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between Enneagram personality types, body mass index, eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality among adults living in Turkey with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The study adopts a holistic approach to examine how personality characteristics may be associated with nutritional and psychological factors.

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Key information

Conditions

Obesity Behavior Behavior, Animal Body Mass Index Body Weight Emotional Eating Feeding Behavior Nutrition Disorders Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Overnutrition Overweight Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Personal Satisfaction Psychological Well-Being Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Diyetisyenin Mutfağı

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by biological, psychological, behavioral, and social factors. Personality characteristics may play an important role in shaping eating behaviors, emotional regulation, psychological well-being, and spiritual orientation. The Enneagram personality model provides a framework for understanding individual differences in motivation, cognition, and behavior.

The purpose of this observational cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships among Enneagram personality types, body mass index (BMI), eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality in adults. Participants are categorized according to BMI as normal weight, overweight, or obese.

Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, anthropometric measurements, the Enneagram Personality Scale, and validated questionnaires assessing eating habits, emotional eating, psychological well-being, and spirituality.

The findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the psychological and behavioral factors associated with body weight status and may support the development of more personalized and holistic approaches to nutrition and health promotion.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged between 18 and 65 years
  • Classified according to BMI category:

Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²) Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m²) Obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²)

  • Literate and able to understand the questionnaire
  • Volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

  • Individuals with a current psychiatric diagnosis
  • Those who have undergone bariatric surgery in the last year
  • Pregnant individuals

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

  1. Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) Total Score

    Time frame: At baseline (cross-sectional assessment)

    The SEES is a 20-item validated instrument designed to measure changes in food consumption in response to emotions. It consists of four subscales: Happiness, Sadness, Anger, and Anxiety. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5). Total scores range from 20 to 100. A score of 60 represents unchanged eating behavior; scores above 60 indicate increased food consumption (emotional eating), and scores below 60 indicate decreased food consumption.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Psychological Well-Being Scale (Flourishing Scale) Total Score

    Time frame: At baseline (cross-sectional assessment)

    An 8-item scale that describes important aspects of human functioning. Each item is answered on a 1-7 scale. Total scores range from 8 to 56. A high score represents a person who has many psychological resources and strengths

  2. Spirituality Assessment Scale Total Score

    Time frame: At baseline (cross-sectional assessment)

    A 27-item instrument comprising 7 subscales. It uses a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 27 to 135. Higher scores indicate a higher level of spirituality

  3. Survey of Eating Habits Total Score

    Time frame: At baseline (cross-sectional assessment)

    A 65-item scale with 4 dimensions (prejudices against obesity, positive/negative thoughts about obesity, self-perception, and eating behaviors). It uses a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 65 to 325. The score is used to evaluate the overall eating attitudes and behaviors of the individual

  4. Body Mass Index (BMI)

    Time frame: At baseline (cross-sectional assessment)

    Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). It is used to categorize participants into normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups.

Other outcomes

  1. Emotional Eating Score Differences Across BMI Categories

    Time frame: At baseline (single survey administration)

    To compare Emotional Eating Scale total scores across BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, obese).

  2. Psychological Well-Being Score Differences Across BMI Categories

    Time frame: At baseline (single survey administration)

    To evaluate whether psychological well-being differs among individuals in different BMI categories.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Halime Gamze Eroğlu

Other

Registry information

Official study title

A Holistic Investigation of the Relationships Between Enneagram Personality Types, Body Mass Index, Eating Behaviors, Emotional Eating, Psychological Well-Being, and Spirituality

Acronym: OBEZ-ENNEA

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Dec 17, 2025
Registry last updated
Jun 10, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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