Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is a common critical disease in gastroenterology. It refers to the bleeding caused by the non varicose diseases above the ligament of flexor, including the bleeding of pancreaticobiliary tract and the bleeding caused by the diseases near the anastomotic stoma after gastrojejunostomy. Due to the development of modern medical technology, the incidence rate of ANVUGIB has been decreasing in recent years. A US study shows that the incidence rate of ANVUGIB dropped from 78/10 to 61/10 10000 [1] from 2001 to 2009. However, the mortality within 30 days of ANVUGIB is still as high as 11% [2]. Peptic ulcer bleeding is the most common cause of bleeding in ANVUGIB. The annual incidence rate is 19.4-57/10 million, and the rate of rebleeding within 7 days is 13.9%, and the mortality rate is 30 in 30 days. A study in China shows that compared with the 1990s, the detection rate of high-risk ulcer has increased, but the overall mortality has not decreased significantly [4]. Endoscopic hemostasis is the first choice for the treatment of peptic ulcer. The latest guidelines of our country recommend that patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding with stable hemodynamics should try their best to have emergency gastroscopy within 24 hours after bleeding, and emergency endoscopic hemostasis is feasible for bleeding lesions [5]. After endoscopic hemostasis, it is very important to give strong acid suppression therapy to maintain gastric pH above 6.0 in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding [6-9]. This study is to analyze the effect of endoscopic and drug treatment of ANVUGIB.

Inclusion criteria

• From January 2014 to February 2021, patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding underwent emergency endoscopic hemostasis in our hospital.

Exclusion criteria

• 1. The age is less than or equal to 18 years old and greater than or equal to 85 years old; 2. Forrest grade IIC and III; 3. Complicated with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or severe liver and kidney diseases (such as heart failure, liver failure, renal failure, etc.); 4. The records of the cases were incomplete.