Emulsion Droplet Physical State on Postprandial Lipemia and Satiety

A double blinded randomized cross-over acute meal study will be carried out in which 15 healthy male participants will attend two study visits, separated by at least one week. On each study visit, fasted participants will consume either the solid or the liquid emulsion, in a randomized order. Both emulsions tested will have the exact same composition only differing in the physical state of the lipid emulsions, in order to isolate the impact of physical state, specifically, on metabolic response. Postprandial lipemia and satiety will be measured for 6 hours after consumption of the test beverage. The study meals will include crushed acetominophen, the appearance of which will be measured in plasma as a measure of liquid content gastric emptying. Participants will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle habits throughout the study, with some changes in the 48 hour period leading up to each of the two visits.

Inclusion criteria

• BMI of 18 - 26 kg/m2
• generally healthy
• non-smoking
• non to moderate alcohol drinkers
• fasting plasma cholesterol level <5.2 mmol/L
• plasma triacylglycerol level <1.7 mmol/L
• plasma glucose level <5.6 mmol/L

Exclusion criteria

• History of major medical conditions
• taking prescription medications/ over the counter medications
• taking natural health products/ dietary supplements (other than a multivitamin)
• oral antibiotic use in the previous 3 months
• planning to take oral antibiotics in the next 3 months
• food allergy/anaphylactic/life-threatening allergy
• smokers/ regular users of recreational drugs
• elite/ training athletes
• significant weight loss/ gain during the past 3 months
• previous reaction/ sensitivity to acetaminophen
• inability to avoid taking acetaminophen for 48 hours
• sensitivity to the artificial sweetener Sugar Twin® Sucralose and artificial vanilla extract
• not willing to consume Sugar Twin® Sucralose or Artificial vanilla.