Efficacy of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Integrated With Stress Reduction Intervention for Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by noticeable decline in cognitive functioning that is greater than expected for normal aging but does not significantly interfere with daily functioning. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) has been shown to improve cognitive functioning through structured activities that stimulate memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities. However, psychological stress is an important factor that may contribute to cognitive decline and reduced engagement in cognitive activities. The present randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether integrating a culturally congruent indigenous stress reduction intervention with CST enhances cognitive outcomes and reduces perceived stress among Pakistani adults with MCI. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) CST integrated with a CBT-based stress reduction intervention, (2) CST only, and (3) a no-intervention control group. The interventions will be delivered over a period of seven weeks. Cognitive functioning will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and perceived stress will be assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Assessments will be conducted at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. The study aims to determine whether the integrated intervention provides greater benefits in improving cognitive functioning as compared to CST alone.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 45 years and above
• Individuals with education up to Matric
• Individuals who obtain a score lower than 23 on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) suggesting the presence of cognitive decline.
• Individuals who obtain a score of 14 or more on the Perceived Stress Scale suggesting increased levels of perceived stress (moderate and high)
• Individuals who obtain score ranged from 13 to 25 (Poor to Adequate) on Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (Qol-AD)

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of dementia or major neurocognitive disorder
• Presence of severe psychiatric illness (e.g., psychosis, major depressive episode)
• Significant hearing or visual impairments that interfere with participation
• Currently undergoing psychological or cognitive therapy
• Any neurological condition that may interfere with cognitive assessment (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease)