The Effects of Single Baduanjin and Elastic Band Exercises on VSWM in Elderly Individuals With MCI

The primary research outcome pertains to visuospatial working memory, which is measured through a visuospatial working memory task paradigm. The specific paradigm is as follows: First, a "+" appears in the middle of a gray computer screen for 300 ms. Second, a 4x4 grid matrix appears at the center of the screen for 2000 ms, with 5 small black squares randomly placed within the matrix. Immediately afterwards, a blank screen is presented for 3000 ms. During this period, the participants are required to mentally visualize the probe stimulus after rotating it 90° to the left (or right). Subsequently, a 4x4 grid target stimulus is presented again for 4000 ms, and the participants need to make a judgment on the target stimulus, specifically whether it is the result of rotating the probe stimulus 90° to the left (or right), as shown in Figure 3. The entire experiment lasts approximately 8 minutes.

The testers adjusted the impedance to below 5kΩ and followed the 26-system electrode placement method specified by the International Federation of Electroencephalography. They set Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, Fc3, Fc4, C3, C4, Cp3, Cp4, P3, P4, Pz, O1, O2, Oz, Po3, Po4, T3, T4, T5, and T6 leads. The ground electrode was set as GND, and the reference electrode was at the bilateral earlobe positions of A1 and A2. After stabilization, they began to record the EEG signals for 5 minutes. Using the toolbox, they filtered out data segments with obvious artifact interference. They analyzed the EEG indicators, including frontal cortex δ-β2 (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7, F8, AF3, AF4, Fc3, Fc4), central cortex δ-β2 (C3, C4, Cp3, Cp4), parietal cortex δ-β2 (P3, P4, Pz), occipital cortex δ-β2 (O1, O2, Oz, Po3, Po4), and temporal cortex δ-β2 (T3, T4, T5, T6).