Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Completed

NCT Number: NCT05871554

Efficacy of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Intervention (Mind-OP+) to Increase Connectedness

Undergraduate students partook in an augmented, brief, online mindfulness and self-compassion-based program (Mind-OP+) to facilitate perceptions of connectedness. Participants were randomized into Mind-OP+ or waitlist control groups. It is hypothesized that connectedness at baseline will be negatively associated with mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety) and stress, and positively associated with self-compassion and dispositional mindfulness. Further, it is predicted that participants in the Mind-OP+ group will experience increases in connectedness compared with participants in the waitlist control condition. This study could provide support for a brief, convenient program to increase perceived connectedness, and thereby provide an option for students seeking protective factors for mental health and general resiliency.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Depression Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Behavior Behavioral Symptoms Mental Disorders Social Behavior Social Isolation Stress

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Regina

Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

About this study

All measures, modules and questionnaires were hosted on Qualtrics, an online surveying software.

Upon signing up for the study and providing written informed consent, participants had access to a pre-treatment package via a Qualtrics link, which consisted of a consent form, demographic questions, and all measures (SCS-SF, FCS, FFMQ-15, SNI, RNS, SCS-R, and DASS-21). Within one week of participants completing the pre-treatment package, the principal investigator sorted through the data to determine eligibility based on symptom criteria (mild to moderate depression and/or anxiety symptoms, and/or mild to moderate stress levels). Those who met criteria were randomly assigned to the waitlist group or treatment group using Research Randomizer, a web-based pseudo-random number generator. The principal investigator e-mailed ineligible participants, thanked them for their time, as well as provided them with a debriefing form and links to the Mind-OP+ modules for their personal use.

Each week for five weeks, the treatment group was emailed a package containing the Mind-OP+ module, the symptom measure (DASS-21), and the connectedness measures (SCS-R, RNS, and SNI). Additionally, other outcome measures (SCS-SF, FCS, and FFMQ-15) were e-mailed in the middle of the trial at the three-week point. The waitlist group received an e-mail with a Qualtrics link containing the same measures following the same schedule, but without the Mind-OP+ modules. The principal investigator sent reminders twice a week to both groups to ensure that participants were completing the packages, as a previous student trial of Mind-OP following the same reminder schedule had 59% of enrolled participants complete the intervention (Bueno et al., in preparation).

After completion of the five-week intervention, on the seventh week of the trial, all participants received the post-treatment package that contains all measures (SCS-SF, FCS, FFMQ-15, SNI, RNS, SCS-R, and DASS-21. One month following the completion of the study, all participants received another follow-up package containing all measures, a debrief form, and access to mental health resources. At this point, the principal investigator e-mailed the intervention modules to the waitlist group.

Following completion of data collection, the principal investigator conducted ten correlation analyses to examine zero-order correlation coefficients of baseline SCS-R and RNS scores with baseline DASS-21, FFMQ-15, FCS, SCS-SF, and SCS-SF - Common Humanity Subscale (SCS-SF-CH) scores. Two multilevel modeling analyses (MLM) were conducted to compare changes in scores on relatedness and social connectedness between the treatment group (Mind-OP+) and waitlist group over the 12-week trial duration (7-week intervention duration + at the one-month follow-up). Four serial mediation models analysed whether changes in mindfulness and self-compassion mediated relationships between treatment outcomes for both groups and changes in relatedness and social connectedness. Further, SNI scores were examined using two exploratory sign tests.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • University student
  • Mild to moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and/or stress

Exclusion criteria

  • Non university students
  • Below mild levels of anxiety, depression, and stress

Treatment and study plan

Mind-OP+

Behavioral

Mind-OP is an online program designed to cultivate mindfulness and self-compassion developed by Beshai and his team. Mind-OP is self-guided, with four modules administered at a pace of one module per week (four weeks total). The version used for this study, Mind-OP+, is five weeks total, containing an extra module focused on connectedness.

The modules contain psychoeducational videos, guided audio meditations, goal-setting and motivational interviewing inspired exercises. Participants also have opportunities to engage with meditations and other exercises embedded within each module.

The first module (Week 1) introduces the concept of mindfulness. The second module (Week 2) focuses on attention to bodily sensations and thoughts. The third module (Week 3) introduces the concept of self-compassion. The fourth module (Week 4) focuses on the self-kindness component of self-compassion. The fifth module (Week 5) focuses on the concept of connectedness.

Primary outcomes

  1. Relatedness Needs Subscale (RNS)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Relatedness Scores at Weeks 1-6 and Week 11. Total score range: 1-7. Lower values are indicative of lower relatedness needs satisfaction (a worse outcome). Total scores are computed by summing all scale items and calculating an average.

  2. The Social Connectedness Scale - Revised (SCS-R)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Social Connectedness Scores at Weeks 1-6 and Week 11. Total score range: 20 - 120. Lower values are indicative of lower levels of social connectedness (a worse outcome). Total scores are computed by summing all scale items.

  3. Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Social Network Scores at Weeks 1-6 and Week 11. Total score range: 0-4. Lower scores are indicative of more isolation (a worse outcome). Total score is a composite score calculated by assigning one point for each relationship category endorsed (i.e., marriage, friends, relatives, and group activities) for up to a total of 4 points.

Secondary outcomes

  1. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scores at Week 6 and Week 11. Total score range: 0 - 126. Lower scores are indicative of less symptoms of depression and anxiety and lower levels of stress (a better outcome). Total score is calculated by summing scale items and multiplying by 2.

  2. The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire 15 (FFMQ-15)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Mindfulness Scores at Week 6 and Week 11. Total score range: 15 - 75. Lower scores are indicative of less trait mindfulness (worse outcome). Total score is computed by summing all scale items.

  3. Fears of Compassion Scale (FCS)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Fears of Compassion Scores at Week 6 and Week 11. Total score range: 0 - 152. Lower scores are indicative of less fears of compassion (better outcome). Total score is computed by summing all scale items.

  4. The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF)

    Time frame: Baseline, Week 6, and Week 11

    Change from Baseline in Self-Compassion Scores at Week 6 and Week 11. Total score range: 1 - 5. Lower scores are indicative of less self-compassion (worse outcome). Total score is computed by summing all items and calculating an average.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Regina

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Efficacy of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Intervention (Mind-OP+) to Increase Connectedness: Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2022
Study completion
2022
First posted
May 23, 2023
Registry last updated
May 23, 2023

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.