Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 adrenergic agonist, has been used as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. Various clinical trials performed have shown dexmedetomidine to be safe when used as an adjuvant to local anesthetic in subarachnoid, caudal, and epidural Different doses of dexmedetomidine are commonly used as an additive in Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block, 1 μg/kg and 2 μg/kg in which a high dose of dexmedetomidine does not prolong the duration of analgesia, but it is associated with lower heart rate and blood pressure. Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia is also more. Hence, a lower dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine is a good balance between safety and efficacy

Inclusion criteria

• American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) grade I or II patients
• both sexes
• scheduled for elective upper limb surgery below mid-humerus level under Ultrasound -guided Supraclavicular brachial plexus block .

Exclusion criteria

• with pre-existing peripheral neuropathy of upper limb.
• Bleeding disorders.
• Infection at injection site.
• Untreated pneumothorax.
• Patients on adrenoreceptor agonist or antagonist therapy.
• History of severe cardiac,.respiratory, hepatic, or renal disease.
• pregnancy and known hypersensitivity to the study drugs.