Effects on Anxiety in Physiotherapy Students After Simulation as an Active Method for Learning the Clinical Enterview

Primary outcomes

1. Anxiety Questionnaire called STAI before role playing

   Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 days

   This questionnaire allows the evaluation of trait anxiety (tendency to perceive stimuli as anxiogenic or not) and state anxiety (degree to which there are anxious elements in the person's environment at the time close to the evaluation). The response scale is Likert-type with 4 alternatives (in the Spanish adaptation from 0 to 3). Both state anxiety and trait anxiety have 20 items for assessment. Thus, the range of responses goes from 0 to 60, with a higher level of anxiety corresponding to a higher score. The Spanish adaptation has adequate psychometric properties. In addition, the scale can be applied in the adolescent population, as well as in university students, with evidence of reliability and validity.

2. Anxiety Questionnaire called STAI after role playing

   Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 days

   This questionnaire allows the evaluation of trait anxiety (tendency to perceive stimuli as anxiogenic or not) and state anxiety (degree to which there are anxious elements in the person's environment at the time close to the evaluation). The response scale is Likert-type with 4 alternatives (in the Spanish adaptation from 0 to 3). Both state anxiety and trait anxiety have 20 items for assessment. Thus, the range of responses goes from 0 to 60, with a higher level of anxiety corresponding to a higher score. The Spanish adaptation has adequate psychometric properties. In addition, the scale can be applied in the adolescent population, as well as in university students, with evidence of reliability and validity.

3. Jefferson scale before role playing

   Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 days

   To determine the empathy levels of nursing students, the validated Jefferson Empathy Scale for health professions students will be used. This scale consists of 20 items, each of which is assessed using a seven-point Likert-type response scale (from 1 = 'strongly disagree' to 7 = 'strongly agree'). These items are divided into three subscales: 'perspective taking' (11 items), which refers to the cognitive aspects of empathy; 'compassionate care' (6 items), which is characterised by a combination of cognitive and affective aspects of empathy; and 'putting oneself in the patient's shoes' (three items), considered the inverse of emotional distancing . Ten of these items are positively worded, while the other 10 are negatively worded and should be reversed. The total scores range from 20 to 140 points. Higher scores reflect higher levels of empathy.

4. Jefferson scale after role playing

   Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 days

   To determine the empathy levels of nursing students, the validated Jefferson Empathy Scale for health professions students will be used. This scale consists of 20 items, each of which is assessed using a seven-point Likert-type response scale (from 1 = 'strongly disagree' to 7 = 'strongly agree'). These items are divided into three subscales: 'perspective taking' (11 items), which refers to the cognitive aspects of empathy; 'compassionate care' (6 items), which is characterised by a combination of cognitive and affective aspects of empathy; and 'putting oneself in the patient's shoes' (three items), considered the inverse of emotional distancing . Ten of these items are positively worded, while the other 10 are negatively worded and should be reversed. The total scores range from 20 to 140 points. Higher scores reflect higher levels of empathy.