Effects of the Dietary Inflammatory Index on Systemic Inflammation Markers and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Individuals With Bariatric Surgery

Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Participants' biochemical tests (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods at the beginning of the study from blood samples taken by a nurse after at least 12 hours of fasting and without consuming alcohol for 24 hours before.

Participants' liver enzymes tests (ALT, AST, and ALP) (IU) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods at the beginning of the study from blood samples taken by a nurse after at least 12 hours of fasting and without consuming alcohol for 24 hours before.

Participants' c-reactive protein tests (CRP) (mg/L) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods at the beginning of the study from blood samples taken by a nurse after at least 12 hours of fasting and without consuming alcohol for 24 hours before.

At the beginning and end of the study, body weights (kg) will be measured using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device with a sensitivity of 50 grams in accordance with the measurement standards.

Height (cm) will be measured with a stadiometer in the Frankfort plane, standing and with the head upright.

The body mass index (BMI) of the participants will calculated according to the body weight (kg) / height (m)2 formula.

The body mass index (BMI) of the participants is classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2 is underweight, between 18.5-24.99 kg/m2 is normal, ≥ 25 kg/m2 is overweight, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 is obese.

At the beginning and end of the study, body fat mass (kg) analysis will be performed using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, paying attention to measurement standards.

At the beginning and end of the study, body composition analyses will be performed using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device with measurement standards. According to the BIA analysis, fat percentage (%) will be calculated as the ratio of total body fat weight to total body weight.

At the beginning and end of the study, fat-free mass (kg) will be analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, paying attention to measurement standards.

At the beginning and end of the study, lean muscle mass (kg) will be analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, paying attention to measurement standards.

At the beginning and end of the study, total body water (kg) will be analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, paying attention to measurement standards.

HbA1C will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Fasting insulin levels (IU) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

The blood urea (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Serum Albumine (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

TSH (mUI/mL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Free T4 (ng/dl) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Serum sodium, potassium and calcium (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Creatinine levels (mg/dL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

The white blood cell levels (mcL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Neutrophil count (NEU) (mcL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Neutrophil count (NEU) (mL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Lymphocyte count (LYM) (mcL) will be analyzed in the hospital biochemistry laboratory using routine methods from blood samples taken by a nurse at the beginning of the study.

Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) will calculates Platelet count X Neutrophil count/Lymphocyte count.

Prognostic Inflammatory Index (PNI) will calculated formula "10 × Serum Albumin (g/dL) + (0.005 × Total Lymphocyte Count (/mm³))".

The dietary inflammatory index will be calculated from individuals' 24-hour food consumption averages. The dietary inflammatory index will be calculated as a total of 1,000 calories, taking into account the dietary inflammatory load of the foods consumed. In this study, the dietary inflammatory index will be calculated for a total of 27 food items.

The food consumption record will be taken to evaluate the nutritional status of the participants. Food consumption records will be evaluated in the BeBIS (Nutrition Information System) program and the daily energy (kcal) intake will be calculated.

The food consumption record will be taken to evaluate the nutritional status of the participants. Food consumption records will be evaluated in the BeBIS (Nutrition Information System) program and the daily carbohydrate (g), protein (g), fat (g), saturated fat (g), monounsaturated fatty acid (g), polyunsaturated fatty acid (g), omega-3 fatty acids (g), omega-6 fatty acids (g), and fiber (g) intake will be calculated.

The food consumption record will be taken to evaluate the nutritional status of the participants. Food consumption records will be evaluated in the BeBIS (Nutrition Information System) program and the daily vitamin E (mg), thiamine (mg), riboflavine (mg), niacin (mg), vitamine B5 (mg), vitamin B6 (mg), vitamin C, sodium (mg), potassium (mg), calcium (mg), magnesium (mg), phosphor (mg), iron (mg), zinc (mg), copper (mg), cholesterol (mg) intake will be calculated.

The Bristol Stool Form Scale, developed by Lewis and Heaton in Bristol, England, is a subjective scale used to assess an individual's stool consistency and bowel habits. This scale assesses defecation status in seven groups: Type 1 and Type 2 constipation; Type 3, Type 4, and Type 5 normal defecation; and Type 6 and Type 7 diarrhea. The form will be asked to participants.

Developed by Revicki and colleagues and validated for Turkish by Turan et al., the GSRS is used to assess common symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. The GSRS asks how an individual has felt about gastrointestinal issues over the past week. The scale consists of 15 questions, divided into five subscales: diarrhea (3 questions), dyspepsia (4 questions), constipation (3 questions), abdominal pain (3 questions), and reflux (2 questions). The higher the score, the more severe the gastrointestinal symptoms.