Effects of Small-Sided Games Versus Sprint Interval Running on Aerobic Capacity and Training Load in Elite Football

Purpose of the Study:

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological and performance-related effects of two different training methods in elite football players: supramaximal interval running (SIR) and small-sided games (SSG). The study specifically examined the concurrent effects of SIR and SSG within a structured off-season program.

Study Design:

This study employed a controlled, experimental pre-post-test design to compare the effects of SIR and SSG on physiological and performance outcomes in professional football players. Forty professional male outfield players from Türkiye's top two football leagues were randomly assigned to either the SIR or SSG groups. A six-week intervention was implemented during the preseason, with assessments conducted at baseline and post-intervention under standardized conditions.

Participants:

The study included 40 professional male football players from the Super League and the Trendyol 1st League in Turkey. Goalkeepers were excluded to ensure positional uniformity. Inclusion criteria were participation in at least 85% of scheduled training sessions, absence of musculoskeletal injuries or medical conditions affecting performance, and no use of medication or supplements influencing physiological responses.

Interventions:

SIR and SSG training were conducted three times per week over a six-week preseason period.

Supramaximal Interval Running (SIR):

SIR sessions were individualized based on each athlete's Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS). The intensity was prescribed at 100% to 110% of each player's MAS, with each session consisting of eight sets. In the first three weeks, each set involved a 2-minute maximal effort run followed by 2 minutes of passive recovery. In the final three weeks, both intensity and duration were progressively increased, with each set extended to 3 minutes of maximal effort and 3 minutes of rest.

Small-Sided Games (SSG):

SSG sessions were implemented to develop agility, acceleration, tactical decision-making, and match-relevant conditioning. Over the six-week intervention, game formats progressed from 4v4 to 7v7, with gradual increases in duration and pitch dimensions to ensure a consistent training load. Each session consisted of four sets per game format, separated by 5-minute passive rest periods.

Measurements:

Assessments before and after the intervention included:

Body Composition: Body mass and fat mass were assessed using the InBody270 bioelectrical impedance analyzer.

Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS): MAS was evaluated using a standardized 1,200-meter time trial.

Physiological and Performance Monitoring: Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored using Polar H10 sensors. Internal training load was assessed using the Borg CR-10 scale for perceived exertion (RPE). Capillary blood samples were obtained post-session to measure blood lactate (LA) concentrations. Performance metrics were recorded with 50 Hz GPS devices and synchronized heart rate monitors.

Inclusion criteria

• Professional male football players who are actively playing in the Super League and the 1st League of Turkey.

Between the ages of 18 and 30. Agree to participate in at least 85% of the scheduled training sessions.

Exclusion criteria

• Goalkeepers (to ensure positional uniformity). Presence of musculoskeletal injuries or medical conditions that could affect performance.

Use of any medication or supplements that could influence physiological responses.

Suffering an injury or illness during the study and failing to attend at least 85% of the training sessions.