Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients

Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) is the maximum level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation. In normal breathing, this value reflects a negative pressure in centimeters of water (cm H₂O).

Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly. They are measured with sleep tests that measure heart rate, oxygen levels, airflow, and breathing patterns. The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) is a measure of the number of times a person stops breathing (apnea) or has shallow breathing (hypopnea) per hour of sleep. A higher AHI indicates greater severity, with typical ranges classifying the condition as mild (5-15 events/hour), moderate (16-30 events/hour), or severe (more than 30 events/hour).

Number of sit-to- stand repetitions done in 1 minute (STS-1m). A 46-cm high chair will be used.

The six-minute walking test (6MWT) will be used to determine walking distance, in meters (m), covered during six minutes. A 20-meter indoor corridor will be used and patients will be encouraged to walk as much as possible during that time.

The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce 2one global score. The PSQI questions are rated from 0 = no difficulty to 3 = severe difficulty, generating scores that correspond to the domains of the scale. The scores range from 0 to 21 and a score >5 be considered as a significant sleep disturbance.

Number of beats in which you pump the least amount of blood necessary, because you are not doing physical activity. This is measured in the number of beats per minute taken at complete rest.

It´s the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats). It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure.

It´s a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months, showing the percentage of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) that has been coated with sugar. Non-diabetic level: ≤ 5.6%; in practice it rules out the diagnosis of diabetes; Prediabetic level (increased risk of diabetes or prediabetes): between 5.7% and 6.4%; Diabetic level: ≥ 6.5%, which is compatible with the diagnosis of diabetes.

A lipid profile is a blood test to measure different types of lipids, this is used to determine lipid metabolism as well as the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. These include total cholesterol and triglycerides, which are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

It's a measure of the total mass of your body, including muscle, bone, fat and water, determined by the force of gravity on that mass and usually expressed in kilograms (Kg).

It's the amount of your total body weight that's made up of fat. This can be determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis expressed as a percentage (%).

It refers to the amount of lean muscle tissue in the body, measured in kilograms, this can be determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis. It is expressed as a percentage (%) of total body weigth.

The body water percentage is the amount of fluid in the body, expressed as a percentage of the total body weight. This can be determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis. It is expressed as a percentage (%) of total body weigth.

Component of quality of life in general that is due to the health care conditions of people and that is referred to from the subjective experiences of patients about their global health. The SF-36 Health Questionnaire is a 36-question instrument used to assess health-related quality of life, from the patient's perspective. It consists of eight scales that measure different aspects of health, such as physical function, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role, and mental health. Responses are coded and recoded, and results are converted to a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 representing the worst health and 100 the best.

The "HAD questionnaire" refers to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a 14-item questionnaire used to assess emotional distress in patients, particularly those with physical illnesses. It consists of two subscales, one for anxiety and one for depression, which are scored separately to identify the severity of both problems. The total score for each subscale (anxiety and depression) ranges from 0 to 21. Interpretation of results: Anxiety and Depression Subscale: (0-7): Absence of symptoms. (8-10): Doubtful symptoms. (11) or more: Certain symptoms.

The STOP-Bang score is a simple and widely used screening questionnaire to assess the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

The questionnaire consists of eight questions with a response of "Yes" which is scored as 1 or "No" which is scored as 0, which translates into a scale from 0 to 8 units.

Interpretation of the score:

Low risk of OSA: 0 to 2 out of 8 affirmative responses. Intermediate risk of OSA: 3 to 4 out of 8 affirmative responses. High risk for OSA: 5 or more yes answers, or if specific criteria are met, such as answering "Yes" to 2 or more STOP questions plus a large neck circumference or male sex.