Effects of Band Exercises Added to the Warm-Up on Shooting and Viscoelastic Properties of Muscles in Handball Players

In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

In order to evaluate the shooting performance of the handball players, they will be asked to shoot at the designated areas of the goal. Four yellow target areas measuring 50 cm x 50 cm will be determined on the right-left, bottom and top corners of the handball goal. Athletes will be asked to take balls 11 m away from the goal and shoot at the goal from 9 meters. Each athlete will be asked to shoot at each of the four targets 7 times. The test will consist of a total of 35 shots (Van Den Tillaar and Ettema 2003) . In this study, the most commonly used techniques in previous studies and matches regarding the shot will be used, namely the basic shot with leaning step and the jump shot technique (Ion 2014).

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the tone (Hertz- Hz) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the stiffness (Newton/meter- N/ m) value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The MyotonPRO (myotonometer) device will be used to objectively evaluate the mechanical properties of the muscles (Viir, Virkus et al. 2007). In our study we will measure the elasticity value of the Deltoideus, Bicepss Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Digitorium muscles. The athletes to be measured will first lie down in a supine position for 10 minutes and rest. Measurements will be made in the supine and prone positions of the individual from the dominant and non-dominant side. To determine the point where the measurement will be made, the athlete will be asked to perform an isometric contraction of the relevant muscle and the most swollen area of the muscle will be marked (Gavronski, Veraksitš et al. 2007).To minimize error in measurement, 3 measurements will be made from the same marked point and the average of the 3 values will be recorded.

The athletes upper extremity explosive strength and open kinetic chain function will be evaluated with this test and the test is a valid and reliable test (Stockbrugger and Haennel 2001). The athletes will be asked to stand in front of a wall with their feet shoulder-width apart and holding a medicine ball with both hands. They will then be asked to throw the medicine ball forward while holding it at head-high level (Van den Tillaar and Marques 2013). A 3 kg medicine ball will be used for the adolescent group in this test. The test will be applied 3 times and the data will be averaged.

The athletes upper extremity explosive strength and open kinetic chain function will be evaluated with this test and the test is a valid and reliable test (Stockbrugger and Haennel 2001). The athletes will be asked to stand in front of a wall with their feet shoulder-width apart and holding a medicine ball with both hands. They will then be asked to throw the medicine ball forward while holding it at head-high level (Van den Tillaar and Marques 2013). A 3 kg medicine ball will be used for the adolescent group in this test. The test will be applied 3 times and the data will be averaged.

It will be applied for the purpose of evaluating the upper extremity dynamic balance. This test will be performed on a platform created in the medial, inferolateral and superolateral directions prepared on the ground (Bauer, Panzer et al. 2021). The lines in the inferolateral and superolateral directions are placed at an angle of 45° and the pipe in the medial direction is placed at an angle of 135° to the others. The test will be applied to the athletes separately for the dominant and non-dominant arms. Before the test, the application protocols of the test will be explained to all athletes and they will be asked to try it once. The test will start with the modified push-up position and one hand on the balance point and the other hand on the line in the medial direction.Athletes will be asked to reach the farthest point on the line in a stable stance (Kara, Büyükturan et al. 2022). 3 repetitions will be required for each direction (Westrick, Miller et al. 2012).

It will be applied for the purpose of evaluating the upper extremity dynamic balance. This test will be performed on a platform created in the medial, inferolateral and superolateral directions prepared on the ground (Bauer, Panzer et al. 2021). The lines in the inferolateral and superolateral directions are placed at an angle of 45° and the pipe in the medial direction is placed at an angle of 135° to the others. The test will be applied to the athletes separately for the dominant and non-dominant arms. Before the test, the application protocols of the test will be explained to all athletes and they will be asked to try it once. The test will start with the modified push-up position and one hand on the balance point and the other hand on the line in the medial direction.Athletes will be asked to reach the farthest point on the line in a stable stance (Kara, Büyükturan et al. 2022). 3 repetitions will be required for each direction (Westrick, Miller et al. 2012).

The Modified Push Up Test will be used to measure the upper extremity strength and endurance of athletes (Hashim and Madon 2012). The athlete will be positioned on the mat with the knees and elbows in flexion position. The athlete will then be asked to push the upper body upwards by extending the elbows (Kara, Büyükturan et al. 2022). The number of correct movements within a 30-second period will be recorded.

The Modified Push Up Test will be used to measure the upper extremity strength and endurance of athletes (Hashim and Madon 2012). The athlete will be positioned on the mat with the knees and elbows in flexion position. The athlete will then be asked to push the upper body upwards by extending the elbows (Kara, Büyükturan et al. 2022). The number of correct movements within a 30-second period will be recorded.