Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Older Adults Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Timed Up and Go test and the 6-meter gait speed test, following the recommendations of Izquierdo (2019)

Will be measured using a Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, following the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists (MacDermid et al., 2015).

SPPB tests: the five-times sit-to-stand test from a standard chair, 4-meter gait speed test, and balance tests in bipodal, semi-tandem, and tandem positions. (Izquierdo, 2019)

using a linear displacement transducer (encoder) during the three-times sit-to-stand test from a standard chair. The participant will start seated, with their hands resting on their knees, and the encoder will be attached to the right wrist using a Velcro strap. At the command "go," the participant will be instructed to stand up from the chair as quickly as possible and sit back down, repeating the movement three times.

Standardized questionnaire

NCI-PRO-CTCAE ITEMS - Portuguese for Brazil, following the recommendations of Pires et al. (2022).

Standardized questionnaire

Standardized questionnaire

Physical activity level will be assessed using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (Simões, 2009), which refers to the 12 months prior to the study and is divided into questions related to daily living activities, sports activities, and leisure activities. Participants will be classified as low physical activity (≤ 9.11 points), moderately active (9.12 to 16.17 points), or highly active (≥ 16.18 points).

Muscle thickness will be assessed using ultrasonography (Nemio XG, Toshiba, Japan) of the vastus lateralis of the participants' right leg, following the recommendations of Pinto et al. (2015). Three images of the vastus lateralis will be collected at 30% of the distance from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the greater trochanter, along the patella. A tracing map on acetate will be produced to ensure greater precision in repeated measurements.

Muscle thickness will be assessed using ultrasonography (Nemio XG, Toshiba, Japan) of the vastus intermedius of the participants' right leg, following the recommendations of Pinto et al. (2015). Three images of the vastus intermedius will be collected at 50% of the distance from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the greater trochanter, along the midline of the patella. A tracing map on acetate will be produced to ensure greater precision in repeated measurements.

Muscle thickness will be assessed using ultrasonography (Nemio XG, Toshiba, Japan) of the rectus femoralis of the participants' right leg, following the recommendations of Pinto et al. (2015). Three images of the vastus intermedius will be collected at 50% of the distance from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the greater trochanter, along the midline of the patella. A tracing map on acetate will be produced to ensure greater precision in repeated measurements.

Will be assessed using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), which contains 38 items related to overall quality of life and produces a score ranging from 0 (best quality of life) to 38 (worst quality of life) (Teixeira-Salmela et al., 2004).

Brief Fatigue Inventory for fatigue assessment (Mendoza et al., 1999)

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - BR for sleep quality assessment (Buysse et al., 1989)

Karnofsky Performance Scale Index for disease prognosis (Schag et al., 1984)

Standardized questionnaire

Standardized questionnaire

Standardized questionnaire

Standardized questionnaire

Exercise adherence will be assessed through monitoring of training logs.

Will be measured using a digital scale

Will be measured using a measuring tape with 1 mm resolution.

Will be measured using a measuring tape with 1 mm resolution.

Nutritional status will be evaluated using a three-day dietary recall.