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Active, Not Recruiting

NCT Number: NCT05317754

Effectiveness of Four Deconstructive Meditative Practices on Well-being and Self-deconstruction

The efficacy of interventions based on mindfulness and compassion has been demonstrated in both clinical and general population, and in different social contexts. These interventions include so-called attentional and constructive meditation practices, respectively. However, unlike these, there is a third group, known as deconstructive meditation practices, which has not been scientifically studied. Deconstructive practices aim to undo maladaptive cognitive patterns and generate knowledge about internal models of oneself, others and the world. Although there are theoretical and philosophical studies on the origin of addiction to the self or on the mechanisms of action associated with the deconstruction of the self, there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating these techniques in either a healthy population or clinical samples. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three deconstructive techniques by comparing them to the practice of mindfulness in the general population.

A randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) will be conducted with about 240 participants allocated (1:1:1:1) to four groups: a) mindful breathing, b) prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition; c) the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition; and d) the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition. The primary outcome will be the qualities of the non-dual experience and spiritual awakening, measured by the Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory, assessed at pre and post-treatment and at 3 and 6-month follow ups. Other outcomes will be mindfulness, happiness, compassion, affectivity and altered state of consciousness. Outcomes at each time point will be compared using mixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for baseline scores, sex and age.

This is the first RCT to apply deconstructive meditation techniques to evaluate their effect on the general population. The positive results of this project may have an important impact on the development of new interventions, not only to improve happiness and well-being in healthy populations but also potentially for the prevention and treatment of psychological and medical disorders, creating a new paradigm in the context of third-generation psychological interventions.

Active, Not Recruiting

This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

Key information

Conditions

Mental Health Wellness

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Department of Psychiatry. Miguel Servet University Hospital

Zaragoza, 50009, Spain

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Older than 18 years of age
  • No psychiatric diagnosis (self-reported)
  • More than 1 year's experience of daily meditation practice
  • Having a computer and Internet connection at home
  • Being able to read and understand the Spanish language
  • Willingness to participate in the study and sign the written informed consent form

Exclusion criteria

  • Any diagnosis of a disease that may affect the central nervous system (pathological condition affecting the brain, traumatic brain injury, dementia) or other psychiatric diagnoses or acute psychiatric illnesses (severe range of depression, substance dependence or abuse, history of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, eating disorders), except for anxiety disorder
  • Any medical, infectious or degenerative disease that may affect mood; presence of delusional ideas; and hallucinations consistent or not with mood and suicide risk
  • Taking any psychiatric medication.

Treatment and study plan

Mindful Breathing

Behavioral
  • Formal practice should take 30-60 minutes/day. It can be divided into as many as 4 sessions/day at times of participants' choosing, but the recommended times are after waking up in the morning and before going to bed at night.
  • There is no limit to the number of times informal practice can be performed during the day.
  • Use of a diary is necessary to record the time and duration of all formal and informal practices.
  • The intervention will have a duration of 60 days. During this period, participants are to take part only in the intervention to which they have been randomized and no other. After this period of time and during the follow-up, participants will be able to practise any kind of meditation and at times of their choosing, but this information must always be recorded in their diary.

Prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition

Behavioral
  • Formal practice should take 30-60 minutes/day. It can be divided into as many as 4 sessions/day at times of participants' choosing, but the recommended times are after waking up in the morning and before going to bed at night.
  • There is no limit to the number of times informal practice can be performed during the day.
  • Use of a diary is necessary to record the time and duration of all formal and informal practices.
  • The intervention will have a duration of 60 days. During this period, participants are to take part only in the intervention to which they have been randomized and no other. After this period of time and during the follow-up, participants will be able to practise any kind of meditation and at times of their choosing, but this information must always be recorded in their diary.

The Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition

Behavioral
  • Formal practice should take 30-60 minutes/day. It can be divided into as many as 4 sessions/day at times of participants' choosing, but the recommended times are after waking up in the morning and before going to bed at night.
  • There is no limit to the number of times informal practice can be performed during the day.
  • Use of a diary is necessary to record the time and duration of all formal and informal practices.
  • The intervention will have a duration of 60 days. During this period, participants are to take part only in the intervention to which they have been randomized and no other. After this period of time and during the follow-up, participants will be able to practise any kind of meditation and at times of their choosing, but this information must always be recorded in their diary.

The mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition

Behavioral
  • Formal practice should take 30-60 minutes/day. It can be divided into as many as 4 sessions/day at times of participants' choosing, but the recommended times are after waking up in the morning and before going to bed at night.
  • There is no limit to the number of times informal practice can be performed during the day.
  • Use of a diary is necessary to record the time and duration of all formal and informal practices.
  • The intervention will have a duration of 60 days. During this period, participants are to take part only in the intervention to which they have been randomized and no other. After this period of time and during the follow-up, participants will be able to practise any kind of meditation and at times of their choosing, but this information must always be recorded in their diary.

Primary outcomes

  1. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  2. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  3. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  4. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  5. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  6. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  7. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  8. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  9. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  10. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  11. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  12. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  13. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  14. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  15. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

  16. The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group

  2. Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group

  3. Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group

  4. Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group

  5. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group

  6. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group

  7. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group

  8. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group

  9. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group

  10. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group

  11. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group

  12. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group

  13. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group

  14. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group

  15. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group

  16. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group

  17. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group

  18. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group

  19. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group

  20. The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group

  21. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  22. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  23. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  24. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  25. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  26. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  27. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  28. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  29. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  30. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  31. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  32. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  33. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  34. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  35. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  36. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness

  37. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  38. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  39. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  40. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  41. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  42. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  43. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  44. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  45. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  46. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  47. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  48. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  49. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  50. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  51. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  52. Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion. A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion

  53. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  54. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  55. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  56. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  57. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  58. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  59. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  60. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  61. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  62. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  63. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  64. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  65. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  66. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  67. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  68. The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being

  69. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  70. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  71. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  72. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  73. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  74. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  75. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  76. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  77. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  78. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  79. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  80. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  81. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  82. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  83. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  84. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect. Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50. Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.

  85. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  86. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mindful breathing group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  87. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  88. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mindful breathing group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  89. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  90. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  91. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  92. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  93. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  94. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  95. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  96. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  97. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  98. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  99. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Three-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

  100. Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

    Time frame: Six-months follow-up

    In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group. The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100). Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Hospital Miguel Servet

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effectiveness of Four Deconstructive Meditative Practices on Well-being and Self-deconstruction: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Apr 8, 2022
Registry last updated
Sep 16, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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