Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Athletes With Chronic Hamstring Strain

Chronic hamstring strain (CHS) is a common musculoskeletal condition among athletes, particularly in sports involving high-speed running and sudden changes in direction. It is characterized by persistent or recurrent symptoms lasting more than three months and is often associated with reduced muscle flexibility, decreased performance, and an increased risk of reinjury.

Dry needling (DN) has emerged as a therapeutic intervention targeting myofascial trigger points to reduce pain, improve muscle function, and restore neuromuscular control. It is believed to act through both mechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms, including reduction of muscle tension and modulation of pain pathways.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of dry needling as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy in athletes with chronic hamstring strain. Participants will be randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group will receive dry needling combined with a structured physiotherapy program, while the control group will receive the same physiotherapy program without dry needling.

The physiotherapy program will include stretching exercises, strengthening exercises with an emphasis on eccentric loading, and functional training. Dry needling will be applied to identified trigger points in the hamstring muscles using standard clinical techniques.

Outcome measures will include pain intensity, hamstring flexibility, and functional performance. Assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention period.

The results of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the added value of dry needling in improving rehabilitation outcomes for athletes with chronic hamstring strain.

Inclusion criteria

• Male football players aged 18 to 35 years.
• Diagnosed with chronic hamstring strain (CHS) confirmed by ultrasonography.
• Injury duration of more than 3 months.
• Classified as Grade I or Grade II hamstring strain.
• Currently participating in the competitive phase of football.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) between 21-25 kg/m².

Exclusion criteria

• Previous exposure to dry needling therapy.
• Presence of any other current lower limb injuries.
• Participation in another hamstring rehabilitation program.
• Active skin infection at or near the treatment area.
• Bleeding disorders or use of anticoagulant medications.
• Severe needle phobia or psychological intolerance to needling.
• Presence of neuromuscular disorders (e.g., muscular dystrophy or peripheral neuropathy).