Effectiveness of an Educational Program for Pain Management in Patients With Hemophilic Arthropathy

Pain severity and pain-related interference in daily life will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). This instrument evaluates both the intensity of pain and its impact on daily functioning, including general activity, ambulation, usual work, mood, sleep, social relationships, and enjoyment of life. It provides separate scores for pain severity and pain interference, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity or greater perceived functional impact

This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). This scale evaluates kinesiophobia, defined as an excessive and irrational fear of movement and physical activity associated with the expectation of pain or injury. The instrument provides a total score reflecting the degree of fear-avoidance related to movement, with higher scores indicating greater levels of kinesiophobia.

This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). This instrument measures pain catastrophizing, defined as a negative cognitive-affective response to actual or anticipated pain. The questionnaire evaluates dimensions such as rumination, magnification, and helplessness, providing a total score in which higher values reflect a greater degree of catastrophizing thinking.

This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). This instrument evaluates health-related quality of life and consists of 36 items covering eight domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health, including one health transition item. A specific score is calculated for each domain, with higher values indicating a better perceived health status. Scores range from 0 to 100 for each dimension.

This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This questionnaire evaluates anxiety symptomatology in clinical populations, providing a specific score for the anxiety subscale, with higher values indicating a greater presence of anxious symptoms.

This variable will be assessed using the Spanish version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). This instrument evaluates illness perception, defined as the set of cognitive and emotional beliefs and representations that a patient holds regarding their disease. The questionnaire assesses dimensions such as perceived consequences, personal control, concern, illness coherence (understanding of the disease), and emotional response, yielding scores that reflect the degree of perceived illness threat.

This variable will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). This instrument evaluates the level of physical activity, allowing participants to be classified according to their activity level and enabling quantification of physical activity performed across different contexts. This variable will be included to describe the study sample and to explore its potential influence on pain perception and on the outcomes of the intervention.

This sociodemographic variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as a quantitative variable (in years).

This sociodemographic variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as an ordinal variable (single / married-partnered / divorced / widowed).

This sociodemographic variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as an ordinal variable (primary education / secondary education / vocational training / university education).

This sociodemographic variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as an ordinal variable (employed - salaried / self-employed / unemployed / retired).

This clinical variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as a dichotomous variable (hemophilia A / hemophilia B).

This clinical variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as an ordinal variable (severe / moderate / mild).

This clinical variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as a dichotomous variable (on-demand / prophylaxis).

This clinical variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as a dichotomous variable (yes / no).

This clinical variable will be used to characterize the sample and control for potential confounding factors and will be recorded as a dichotomous variable (yes / no)