Effectiveness of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Program in Stroke Survivors Using the Euleria Home® Device

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a widely used observational scale for evaluating motor recovery in patients with stroke sequelae. In its version focused on the upper and lower limbs, the FMA measures motor control by assessing specific movements of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, and ankle. Each movement is rated on a three-point scale (0 = absent, 1 = partial, 2 = complete). The maximum score is 66 points for the upper limb and 34 for the lower limb, for a total of 100 points in the overall motor function assessment. Higher scores indicate a greater degree of recovery.

Used as a measure of psychomotor speed and visual search/attention skills

Used as a measure of attentional set-shifting and mental flexibility. Time needed to complete the tasks is recorded.

A clinical assessment of balance that assigns an overall score ranging from 0 to 56, where a higher score indicates good balance control and a reduced risk of falls.

An assessment that measures a person's walking speed over a distance of 10 meters. During the test, the patient walks at a comfortable pace, and the time taken to cover the 10 meters is recorded.

A test to measure a person's level of mobility, requiring both static and dynamic balance skills. It measures the time it takes for a person to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit down again.

A scale used to assess a person's autonomy in daily activities, such as eating, dressing, walking, and other motor and self-care functions. Composed of 10 items, the score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence in daily activities, while lower scores reflect greater dependence or the need for assistance.

A questionnaire used to assess changes in a person's health status, considering various dimensions of physical and mental well-being. Composed of 36 questions, the SF-36 explores areas such as physical health, pain, the ability to perform daily activities, vitality, emotional health, social functioning, and mental health.

a self-administered post-treatment questionnaire, comprised of eight items that evaluate the level of satisfaction regarding the care and quality of the service received and the level of fulfillment of the patient's expectations regarding the treatment administered. The total score of the questionnaire is 32 points, with higher values meaning higher satisfaction with the treatment received.

A neuropsychological assessment tool that measures a person's global cognitive status, providing an analysis of key cognitive functions such as memory, executive functions, praxis, attention, language, and visuospatial exploration. Composed of various sub-tests, the OCS allows for the rapid and systematic identification of potential cognitive deficits and is particularly useful in patients with brain damage, such as those with stroke.

A test that measures short-term memory, specifically the ability to retain and recall sequences of numbers. During the test, the patient is asked to repeat a series of numbers read aloud by the examiner, starting with a short sequence and progressively increasing the length. The patient's performance is assessed based on the maximum number of digits they can correctly repeat in the same order as presented.

A test that evaluates working memory, a cognitive function that allows the temporary storage and manipulation of information. In this test, the patient is asked to repeat a sequence of numbers read by the examiner, but in reverse order from how they were presented. The difficulty progressively increases with the addition of more digits in the sequence.

A neuropsychological test that evaluates basic executive functions, including abilities such as abstraction, verbal ideation, sensitivity to interference, motor planning, inhibitory control, and environmental dependence. It has a maximum total score of 18 points, divided into 6 sub-tests, each of which can assign up to 3 points. High scores indicate preserved executive functioning.

This test evaluates the visual information processing speed and attention; the number of correct answers in 90 seconds is registered (higher scores indicate better performance).

HADS is a self-report questionnaire commonly used to assess emotional distress in medical patients, specifically focusing on symptoms of anxiety and depression. It consists of 14 items, with 7 items dedicated to anxiety (HADS-A) and 7 to depression (HADS-D). Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, reflecting the intensity or frequency of symptoms over the past week. The maximum score is 21 for each subscale, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. Scores from 0 to 7 are considered within the normal range, 8 to 10 suggest borderline abnormal levels, and 11 or above indicate clinically significant anxiety or depression.