Effect Of Virtual Reality On Pulmonary Function And Anxiety Levels In Asthmatic Patients

It is part of the Buteyko method of breathing exercises and is designed to measure the length of time a person can comfortably hold their breath after a normal exhalation. its normal range is between 0-60 seconds, less than 20 seconds means poor control.

It was a commonly valuable tool to assess asthma control that typically involves a self-reported questionnaire that evaluates symptoms over the past 4 weeks. It is self reported 5-25 scale. Higher score indicates better control. less than 16 indicates uncolntrolled asthma

FEV1 stands for Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second. It is a measurement taken during a spirometry test, which assesses lung function. Specifically, it measures the amount of air a person can forcefully exhale in the first second of a forced exhalation. A lower FEV1 reading can indicate an obstruction in the airways, potentially pointing to conditions like asthma. Normal values for % predicted FEV1 are generally 80% or higher of the predicted value. 60-80%moderate, <60% severe.

Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest possible breath. It's a key measurement in spirometry, a common breathing test used to assess lung function. FVC helps doctors identify and distinguish between different types of lung diseases, including obstructive (like asthma). FVC can also be expressed as a percentage of the predicted value, with 80% to 120% considered within the normal range

The FEV1/FVC ratio is a calculation used in pulmonary function tests, specifically spirometry, to assess lung function. It represents the proportion of a person's forced vital capacity (FVC) that they can exhale in the first second of a forced expiration, known as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). A normal FEV1/FVC ratio is typically above 70% (0.75-0.80), and a lower ratio suggests an airway obstruction

It refers to the percentage of a person's measured PEF compared to their predicted PEF, based on factors like age, sex, and height. It's a way to assess how well someone is breathing compared to what's expected for them, with lower percentages often indicating airflow obstruction such as asthma. PEF predicted % is calculated by dividing the actual PEF measurement by the predicted PEF and multiplying by 100.

A lower PEF predicted % generally indicates a greater degree of airflow obstruction.

For example, in asthma, a PEF predicted % below 50% may indicate a severe exacerbation.

It is a 14-item questionnaire that assesses anxiety and depression symptoms for all participants before and after the treatment program. It has two seven-item subscales, one for anxiety and one for depression. Each item is scored on a 4-point scale, with a maximum score of 21 for each subscale. Scores are categorized as normal (0-7), mild (8-10), moderate (11-14), and severe (15-21) for both anxiety and depression.

It is a new, brief self-report instrument for assessing patient perceptions and attitudes regarding their own adherence to medical treatment plans. It consists of three distinct scales: Perceived Behavior, Perceived Benefit, and Perceived Burden. Each scale is scored using a Likert-type scale, and higher scores generally indicate more positive perceptions of adherence. Each scale typically contains a set number of items (e.g., 5 items). These items are rated on a Likert-type scale, such as:1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Uncertain, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The scores for each item within a scale are summed to produce a total score for that scale.

It is measured by the 6-minute walk test; it is a simple, standardized assessment of functional exercise capacity, particularly useful for individuals with cardiopulmonary conditions. It measures the distance a patient can walk in six minutes, providing insights into their overall exercise tolerance and response to exertion. Less than 3 minutes walking or associated symptoms like fatigue, pain, or dyspnea indicate reduced functional capacity.

It can refer to how often asthma exacerbation occurs within a single day. exacerbations are defined as worsening symptoms of breathlessness, cough, and/or sputum production, and they can be triggered by various factors like infections or air pollution. Frequent exacerbations are a hallmark of severe asthma and can significantly impact a patient's quality of life.