Effect of Topical Dexamethasone on Histologic Response of Human Dental Pulp

Clinical procedures All clinical procedures took place at private office of first author (J.G.). Using simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers), forty intact premolars were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n=10): I) DPC, II) MP, III) DPC+dexamethasone, and IV) MP+dexamethasone. After administration of local anesthesia (3% mepivacaine plain; Septodont, cedax, France) dental rubber dam was applied and tooth surface disinfected with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Occlusal cavity was prepared using high speed diamond fissure bur and buccal pulp horn was mechanically exposed (approximately 1.2 mm in diameter) using a sterile high speed carbide round bur. In MP, depth of penetration to the pulp was 0.5 mm. All of the cavity preparation procedures were intermittently performed under copious water coolant and light hand pressure. Using a sterile 5.25% NaOCl-soaked cotton pellet, bleeding from the exposure site was controlled and 2ml of sterile saline rinsed off NaOCl residues. For blinding the practitioner to the materials, dexamethasone (Dr.abidi, Tehran, Iran) and placebo were held in identical light proof syringes and numbered for each tooth according to the randomization schedule. Each tooth was assigned an order number and its pulpal wound received the solution in the corresponding prepacked syringe prior to sealing off the exposure site with white ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK); MTA was mixed according to the manufacturer's directions and a wet cotton pellet was placed over the material for 10 minutes. Eventually, the coronal cavity was restored with light cure resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC; GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and cured for 40 seconds using a curing light. All clinical procedures were performed by the same practitioner (J.G.). All patients took 400 mg of ibuprofen (as a single dose) for postoperative pain control. Pulp and periapical status were clinically (7, 21, 42, and 60 days) and radiographically evaluated (42, and 60 days) during the study. Clinical and radiographic signs and/or symptoms of irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis were considered as treatment failure. On the 60th day teeth were extracted atraumatically and prepared for submission to the oral pathology department for processing.

Inclusion criteria

• healthy adult patients who had four intact fully developed upper and lower premolars needed to be extracted because of his/her orthodontic treatment plan were eligible

Exclusion criteria

• Exclusion criteria were history of previous trauma
• clinical and/or radiographic caries
• restorations, periodontal problems
• intake of anti-inflammatory medication before (over the last couple of weeks) and during the study
• known allergy and/or contraindications to dexamethasone