Effect of Spectacle Distribution to Myopic Secondary School Students in Rural Communities of Liaoning Province on Communities Academic High School Enrolment

This will be assessed by systematically contacting parents, teachers and students to ascertain enrolment status, which REAP has used to obtain > 97% follow-up in previous studies of high school accession. In the event of inconsistent responses, priority will be given to responses of parents, then teachers and finally students

Actual presence of spectacles on the child's face (rather than having glasses at school)at the time of an unannounced examination.

Frequency of blackboard versus textbook use in the major subjects (Maths Chinese, English) on a questionnaire administered to teachers, and answered as "all", "most", "about half", little" or "none" of teaching.

Calculated as ratio of incremental cost to proportion of children who continue to academic high school as opposed to vocational high school or no schooling. Incremental cost is the difference of costs between implementation of intervention and control, Intervention costs will comprise the screening test glasses (including replacements).

Depression and anxiety score measured with Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The score range for depression, anxiety and stress are 0-42, with higher score indicates more severe mental health problems.

Self-esteem score measured with the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The scores range from 0-30, with higher scores indicate higher self-esteem.

Emotional and behavioral problems score using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with difficulties score ranges from 0 to 40, Prosocial scale ranges from 0-10,with higher score indicates severe mental health and behavioral problems.

Progression of Shortsightedness will be measured using change in refraction over time