Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Ankle Joint Proprioception and Balance in Patients With Stroke

It will be assessed by measuring the absolute error between target and reproduced ankle angles using an isokinetic dynamometer. Participants attempt to reproduce 10° and 20° of plantar flexion without visual feedback. The absolute error represents the difference between the target and reproduced angles. Smaller errors indicate better proprioceptive accuracy, while larger errors reflect impaired proprioception.

It reflects the individual's ability to control balance from side to side. Measured on the Biodex Balance System, it quantifies mediolateral sway. Higher MLSI values indicate increased instability, while lower values reflect better control. It is particularly useful for assessing balance deficits in conditions like stroke, where lateral stability is often impaired, aiding in targeted rehabilitation strategies.

It measures front-to-back balance control using the Biodex Balance System. It evaluates how well an individual stabilizes posture in the forward and backward directions. Elevated APSI scores indicate greater postural sway and instability, while lower scores indicate better balance. This index is critical in identifying anteroposterior balance deficits and guiding targeted rehabilitation.

is a composite measure reflecting balance control in all directions-mediolateral and anteroposterior. Assessed via the Biodex Balance System, a higher OSI indicates greater overall body sway and instability. Lower OSI values reflect better multi-directional balance. This index is crucial in providing a global assessment of postural control and is used to monitor progress in balance rehabilitation.

LOS test evaluates patient's ability to intentionally shift center of gravity in eight directions (Forward, Backward, Right, Left, Forward-Right, Forward-Left, Backward-Right, Backward-Left) without losing balance. Three trials per direction; averages calculated. Lower scores indicate restricted stability limits common post-stroke, affecting functional mobility and fall risk.

It is a 14-item clinical test used to objectively measure balance ability during functional tasks. Each task is scored from 0 (unable) to 4 (independent), with a total score out of 56. Lower scores indicate higher fall risk. It assesses static and dynamic balance in tasks like standing, turning, and reaching. The BBS is widely used in stroke rehabilitation to evaluate balance improvements over time.

It measures functional mobility and fall risk. Participants stand from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit. The time in seconds is recorded. A completion time of ≥12 seconds indicates increased fall risk. The TUG is a simple, reliable test used in clinical settings to track progress in mobility and balance rehabilitation.