Effect of Different Support Systems on Gait

Rationale: People with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often experience gait impairments. Body weight support (BWS) systems are commonly used for gait training. Overground BWS systems could have 2 or 3 degrees of freedom (DoF). A decrease in DoF will reduce the demand's on people's balance capacity during walking. A new breed of devices for gait training are soft exosuits. They could deliver support around the knee and the hip joint, which are the main contributors for bodyweight support. Although a BWS system and a soft exosuit provide both support against gravity these systems differ in the approach of delivering this support. To optimize rehabilitation outcomes, it is important to gain deeper insight in the effect of these support systems on gait. In this study a 2-DoF BWS system, the ZeroG, and a soft exosuit, the Myosuit, will be studied.

Objective: Investigate the effect of a BWS system and soft exosuit on dynamic balance and knee and hip kinematics during gait in people with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Study design: Experimental design.

Study population: Fourteen people with subacute or chronic iSCI (at least 2 weeks after injury) will be included. People with iSCI will be included when having an injury level of C or D on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale.

Intervention: Participants will visit the Sint Maartenskliniek once and perform overground walking trials in a laboratory setting: regular walking, walking with the ZeroG (BWS system) and walking with the Myosuit (soft exosuit). Each condition consists of 6 walking trials over a distance of 12.5 m.

Main study parameters/endpoints: The main study parameter for dynamic balance during gait will be medio-lateral center of mass excursion. The main study parameter for gait kinematics will be maximum extension of the knee in sagittal plane.

Inclusion criteria

• People with subacute or chronic iSCI (at least 2 weeks after injury)
• Have an injury level of C or D on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Walking speed between 0.4 and 0.8 m/s (limited community ambulation) (24)
• Must be able to stand up from a chair without deviating to the left or right side for more than 45 degrees during the movement
• Can walk for 10 meter without the assistance of another person but can be assisted by assistive devices such as, crutches, walking sticks or ankle foot orthoses except knee orthoses or walkers
• Reduced knee and/or hip strength (MRC=<4).

Exclusion criteria

• Have another (neurological) disease which can influence motor performance.
• Have wounds
• Taller than 195 and smaller than 150 cm
• Body weight of more than 110 kg or less than 45 kg
• Pregnancy
• Flexion contracture in knee or hip in excess of 10 degrees
• Knee varus malposition in excess of 10 degrees or knee valgus malposition in excess of 10 degrees
• Insufficient mastery of the Dutch language
• Psychiatric backgrounds
• Oncological spinal cord injury
• Stoma
• Unsuitable for participation according to the rehabilitation physician or researcher