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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07522814

"Educational Intervention for Tokophobia in Pregnant Women"

This quasi-experimental study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured educational sessions on tokophobia among pregnant women. Tokophobia, defined as an intense fear of pregnancy and childbirth, can negatively affect maternal psychological well-being, coping abilities, and overall quality of life.

A purposive sample of 50 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Soad Kafafi Hospital, October City, Egypt, participated in the study. Participants received a structured educational intervention consisting of five sessions addressing knowledge about tokophobia, psychological coping strategies, and lifestyle modifications to enhance well-being during pregnancy.

Data were collected before and after the intervention using validated tools, including the Tokophobia Awareness Questionnaire, Tokophobia Assessment Scale, Jalowiec Coping Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF.

The study evaluates changes in awareness levels, severity of tokophobia, coping strategies, and quality of life following the intervention. The findings are expected to provide evidence on the role of educational interventions in reducing fear of childbirth and improving maternal psychological outcomes.

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Key information

Conditions

Fear of Childbirth Anxiety Disorders Mental Disorders Pregnancy-related Anxiety

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Soad Kafafi Hospital

Cairo, Giza Governorate, 12566, Egypt

About this study

Tokophobia is a severe and persistent fear of pregnancy and childbirth that can negatively affect maternal mental health, coping abilities, and overall quality of life. It is associated with increased anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and preference for unnecessary medical interventions such as cesarean delivery. Lack of knowledge and inadequate psychological support during pregnancy may exacerbate this condition.

Educational interventions have been identified as effective strategies to enhance awareness, reduce fear, and improve psychological outcomes among pregnant women. Providing structured information and coping strategies may empower women, increase their sense of control, and promote positive pregnancy experiences.

This study adopts a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of structured educational sessions on tokophobia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Soad Kafafi Hospital, October City, Egypt. A purposive sample of 50 pregnant women aged 18 years and above is included in the study.

The intervention consists of five structured educational sessions, including three theoretical sessions and two practical sessions. The sessions focus on increasing awareness about tokophobia, identifying its causes and symptoms, and introducing psychological coping strategies such as relaxation techniques and stress management. Additionally, lifestyle modifications and supportive practices to enhance maternal well-being are addressed.

Data are collected before and after the intervention using validated tools, including the Tokophobia Awareness Questionnaire, Tokophobia Assessment Scale (TAS), Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), and WHOQOL-BREF.

The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of the educational intervention in improving awareness and reducing tokophobia severity. Secondary outcomes include improvement in coping strategies and enhancement of quality of life.

The findings of this study may contribute to improving antenatal care practices by integrating structured educational programs targeting tokophobia, thereby supporting maternal psychological well-being and promoting positive pregnancy outcomes.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics Age 18 years and above Willing to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Pregnant women with diagnosed acute psychological disorders Pregnant women who are unable to participate in educational sessions Refusal to participate in the study

Treatment and study plan

Educational Sessions on Tokophobia

Behavioral

A structured educational program designed to provide information about tokophobia, its causes, symptoms, and management, along with training on psychological coping strategies and supportive techniques to enhance maternal well-being.

Other names: Tokophobia Education Program

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Tokophobia Severity Score Measured by Tokophobia Assessment Scale (TAS)

    Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention (approximately 2.5 months)

    Change in tokophobia severity scores measured using the Tokophobia Assessment Scale (TAS). The total score ranges from [MIN] to [MAX], with higher scores indicating greater severity of fear of childbirth.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Tokophobia Awareness Score Measured by Tokophobia Awareness Questionnaire

    Time frame: Baseline and immediately after intervention

    Change in awareness scores measured using the Tokophobia Awareness Questionnaire. The total score ranges from [ zero] to [23], with higher scores indicating better awareness of tokophobia.

  2. Change in Coping Strategies Score Measured by Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS)

    Time frame: Baseline and immediately after intervention

    Change in coping strategies measured using the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS). The total score ranges from [MIN] to [MAX], with higher scores indicating more effective coping strategies.

  3. Change in Quality of Life Score Measured by WHOQOL-BREF

    Time frame: Baseline and immediately after completion of the educational sessions

    Change in quality of life measured using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Delta University for Science and Technology

Other

Registry information

Official study title

"Effectiveness of Educational Sessions in Reducing Tokophobia and Improving Quality of Life Among Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study"

Acronym: TOKO-EDU

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Apr 13, 2026
Registry last updated
Apr 14, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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