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NCT Number: NCT04084132

Early Versus Later Re-valving in Tetralogy of Fallot With Free Pulmonary Regurgitation

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a congenital heart defect with four major features including right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. About 25 children are born with this condition in Denmark every year. Corrective surgery is usually performed within the first year. In 50 % of patients, enlargement with a patch is necessary to achieve relief of the outflow tract obstruction. This however results in severe pulmonary regurgitation, which eventually leads to volume overload, right ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmia. To avoid these late complications, pulmonary valve replacement with a prosthesis if performed when patients meet the current guideline criteria. Most patients meet the guideline criteria for revalving when they are between 20 and 30 years of age. The current guidelines however, are based solely on retrospective studies and novel research reveals that in more than 50 % of patients who are treated according to current practice, right ventricular volumes and function as well as exercise capacity and burden of arrhythmia do not normalize or improve. 500 patients with ToF will be enrolled in a multicentre, cross-sectional study, which will yield information about the long-term outcomes after initial repair of ToF, as well as suggestions about the optimal timing for re-valving. Among patients included in the cross-sectional study, 120 patients with free pulmonary regurgitation, will be randomized evenly for early or later re-valving with at least 10-years of follow-up, for evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of early re-valving.

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Key information

Conditions

Tetralogy of Fallot Cardiovascular Abnormalities Cardiovascular Diseases Congenital Abnormalities Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities Heart Defects, Congenital Heart Diseases Heart Valve Diseases Pulmonary Regurgitation Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency

Age range

12 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • ToF with pulmonary stenosis repaired with a TAP within the first two years of life.
  • RVOT anatomy is suitable for implantation of an adult sized conduit ( 18 mm homograft or Contegra graft) as assessed by MRI.

Exclusion criteria

  • ToF with pulmonary atresia, ToF with common atrioventricular canal, ToF with absent pulmonary valve syndrome, major aortopulmonary collateral arteries and other significant associated anomalies.
  • Palliation with a shunt (Blalock-Taussig or central) at any time.
  • The patient is symptomatic.
  • Sustained supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia.
  • RVEDVi > 140 mL/m2 as assessed by MRI (appendix 1).
  • RVESVi > 60 mL/m2 as assessed by MRI.
  • RVEF < 50 % as assessed by MRI.
  • Moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation as assessed by echocardiography or MRI.
  • Significant residual lesions requiring intervention (e.g. ventricular septal defect, aortic regurgitation, branch pulmonary artery stenosis).
  • Co-morbidity preventing exercise testing (e.g. genetics, neuro-cognitive dysfunction, physical disability).
  • Contraindication for MRI (e.g. permanent pacemaker, intra-cardiac defibrillator, intracranial ferro-magnetic device).
  • Pregnancy at time of inclusion.
  • Age < 12 or unable to comply with instructions given during MRI or exercise testing.

Treatment and study plan

Pulmonary valve replacement

Procedure

Surgical implantation of an adult-sized (≥ 18 mm) homograft or Contegra graft as right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit under cardiopulmonary bypass through a sternotomy.

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area

    Time frame: 3 years after randomization

    Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL) indexed by body surface area (m2) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Higher right ventricular end-diastolic volumes are considered a worse outcome.

  2. Rate of deceased patients (all-cause mortality) and total number of patients

    Time frame: 3 years after randomization

    The rate of deceased patients (irrespective of the cause of death) and total number of patients will be calculated for both the early and later re-valving group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference between the groups will be performed.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Right ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    Right ventricular end-systolic volume (mL) indexed by body surface area (m2) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Higher right ventricular end-systolic volumes are considered a worse outcome.

  2. Right ventricular ejection fraction

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    Right ventricular ejection fraction (%) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Lower right ventricular ejection fraction are considered a worse outcome.

  3. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL) indexed by body surface area (m2) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Higher left ventricular end-diastolic volumes are considered a worse outcome.

  4. Left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL) indexed by body surface area (m2) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Higher left ventricular end-systolic volumes are considered a worse outcome.

  5. Left ventricular ejection fraction

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) will be assessed in both the early re-valving group and later re-valving group for calculation of the mean in each group and analysis of statistical significance of the difference will be performed. Lower left ventricular ejection fraction are considered a worse outcome.

  6. Rate of patients with procedure-related bleeding and total number of patients

    Time frame: 30 days after surgery

    The rate of patients with bleeding classified as minor, major and life-threatening bleeding (BARC classification) related to the re-valving procedure and the total number of patients will be calculated in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference between the groups will be analyzed for statistical significance.

  7. Rate of patients with procedure-related acute kidney injury and total number of patients.

    Time frame: 30 days after surgery

    The rate of acute kidney injury categorized as stage one, two and three (KDIGO classification) and the total number of patients will be calculated in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance.

  8. Composite-rate of all-cause mortality and disabling stroke

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients who decease due to cardiovascular causes and patients who suffer from a disabling stroke after the time of randomization will be calculated for both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance

  9. Rate of patients deceased due to cardiovascular causes and total number of patients

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients who decease due to a cardiovascular cause and the total number of patients will be calculated in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance

  10. Composite-rate of patients who suffer from disabling strokes or transient ischemic attacks

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients who suffer from a disabling stroke og transient ischemic attack after the time of randomization will be calculated in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance

  11. Mean New York Heart Association class

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean New York Heart Association Class categorized as 1-4 will be assessed in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance. Higher mean values are considered a worse outcome.

  12. Mean health-associated quality of life (adults)

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean health-asssociated quality of life will be assessed in both the early and later revalving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance. EQ-5D-3L will be used for assessment. The questionnaires are available in Danish. Higher values are considered better outcomes.

  13. Mean health-associated quality of life (children)

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean health-associated quality of life will be assessed in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance. EQ-5D-Y will be used for assessment. The questionnaires are available in Danish. Higher values are considered better outcomes.

  14. Rate of patients with new sustained supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia and the total number of patients

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients with new supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia and the total number of patients will be calculated for both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance.

  15. Mean peak oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2/min) indexed to body weight (kg) will be assessed for patients in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference in means will be analyzed for statistical significance. Higher mean values are considered a better outcomes.

  16. Median time until structural valve deterioration in patients who are re-valved during the study

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The median time until structural valve deterioration defined as time until need for valve replacement in patients who are revalved during the study will be calculated.

  17. Rate of patients who are re-valved during the course of the study and suffer from endocarditis and the total number of patients who are revalved during the study

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients who suffer from endocarditis after re-valving during the course of the study and the total number of patients who are revalved during the study will be calculated

  18. Rate of patients who are re-valved during the course of the study and suffer from prosthetic valve thrombosis and the total number of patients who are revalved during the study

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The rate of patients who suffer from prosthetic valve thrombosis after re-valving during the course of the study and the total number of patients who are revalved during the study will be calculated

  19. Mean number of contacts to the health system

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean number of contacts to the health system defined as composite of hospital admissions, outpatient contacts and contacts to the general practitioner will be calculated in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance

  20. Mean number of children for female patients

    Time frame: Assessed once every year for 10 years after randomization

    The mean number of children will be assessed for female patient in both the early and later re-valving group and the difference will be analyzed for statistical significance

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Mathis Gröning, MD, DMSc

CONTACT

[email protected]

+45 42404489

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Rigshospitalet, Denmark

Other

Collaborators

  • Aarhus University Hospital
  • Odense University Hospital

Registry information

Official study title

Early Versus Later Re-valving in Tetralogy of Fallot With Free Pulmonary Regurgitation - Combined Cross-sectional and Prospective, Multi-centre, Randomized, Parallel-group Clinical Trial

Important dates

Study start
2019
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2031
First posted
Sep 10, 2019
Registry last updated
Sep 10, 2019

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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