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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07213752

Diode Laser-Assisted Periodontal Therapy Enhances Clinical Outcomes for Deep Periodontal Pockets in Smokers

This study investigated the adjunctive effects of diode laser therapy in smokers with severe periodontitis. Thirty-three patients were randomized to non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) with or without diode laser. Clinical parameters and salivary oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-OHdG) were assessed at baseline, 1, and 3 months. Both groups showed improvements, but SRP+DL resulted in significantly greater reductions in deep pockets, PISA, PESA, PI, and MDA at 3 months. These findings suggest that diode laser therapy may enhance conventional treatment by improving clinical outcomes and reducing oxidative stress in smokers with severe periodontitis.

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Key information

Conditions

Periodontitis Behavior Diode Laser Therapy Malondialdehyde Mouth Diseases Periodontal Disease Periodontal Diseases Periodontitis Stage III Smoking Stomatognathic Diseases

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology

Konya, Selçuklu, 42250, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • no periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months;
  • no use of antibiotics within the previous 3 months;
  • no systemic disease and alcohol drinkers, or drug users;
  • no use of anti-inflammatory drugs within the past 3 months;
  • no pregnancy;
  • no use of hormonal contraceptives; and
  • current smokers with a history of smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day for at least one year.

Exclusion criteria

  • Patients with <20 teeth, grade III tooth mobility, partial dentures, or fixed prostheses were excluded. Additionally, those with dental implants or peri-implant diseases were also excluded.

Treatment and study plan

Diode Laser Application in Deep Periodontal Pockets

Device

A 940 nm indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphate diode laser (Ezlase, Biolase, USA) with a 400 μm fiber was used in contact mode at 1.5 W, pulse 20/20 ms, 20 s/cm², power density 1.061 W/cm², and 15 J/cm² energy in deep periodontal pockets.

Professional mechanical plaque removal

Procedure

Professional mechanical removal of supragingival plaque and calculus

Scaling and Root Planing

Procedure

Subgingival scaling and root planing

Primary outcomes

  1. Probing Pocket Dept (PPD)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    The probing pocket dept was assessed on six tooth surfaces, inluding the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual areas of each tooth.

  2. Periodontal Epithelial Surface Area (PESA)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    PESA represents the total epithelial surface area in periodontal pockets.

  3. Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    PISA quantifies the inflamed portion of this surface area by integrating only sites exhibiting BOP, both measured in mm2.

  4. Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    Evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels.

  5. Salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine Levels

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    Evaluation of salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels.

  6. PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PPD (ssPPD)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    For sites with PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PPD (ssPPD) values was calculated.

  7. PPD ≥4 mm, site spesific CAL (ssCAL)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    For sites with PPD ≥4 mm, site spesific CAL (ssCAL) values were also calculated.

  8. PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PISA (ssPISA)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    For sites with PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PISA (ssPISA) values were calculated.

  9. PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PESA (ssPESA)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    For sites with PPD ≥4 mm, site-specific PESA (ssPESA) values were calculated.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Plaque Index (PI)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    The plaque index was assessed on six tooth surfaces, inluding the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual areas of each tooth.

  2. Bleeding on Probing (BOP)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    The bleeding on probing index was assessed on six tooth surfaces, inluding the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual areas of each tooth.

  3. Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    The clinical attachment level was assessed on six tooth surfaces, inluding the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual areas of each tooth.

  4. Gingival Index (GI)

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 3 months.

    The gingival index was assessed on six tooth surfaces, inluding the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual areas of each tooth.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Selcuk University

Other

Collaborators

  • The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Registry information

Official study title

Diode Laser-Assisted Periodontal Therapy Enhances Clinical Outcomes for Deep Periodontal Pockets in Smokers: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Oct 9, 2025
Registry last updated
Oct 9, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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