Diastolic Dysfunction 2025

Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term cardiovascular risk. Cardiac remodeling in this context is characterized by increased vascular stiffness and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, which may lead to subclinical diastolic dysfunction despite preserved systolic function.

This prospective observational study was designed to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women. Eighty participants in the third trimester of pregnancy were included: 40 diagnosed with preeclampsia (mainly severe forms) and 40 normotensive controls. Women with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal impairment, or multiple pregnancies were excluded.

All participants underwent standardized echocardiographic evaluation in accordance with the 2016 recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Diastolic function was assessed based on transmitral Doppler indices (E and A waves, E/A ratio), tissue Doppler imaging (septal and lateral e' velocities), E/e' ratio, left atrial volume index, and tricuspid regurgitation velocity.

Inclusion criteria

• Pregnant women aged 18-45 years
• Third trimester of pregnancy
• Group A: women diagnosed with preeclampsia according to international criteria (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks with proteinuria or signs of severity)
• Group B (controls): normotensive pregnant women without proteinuria or cardiovascular disease
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Known pre-existing cardiovascular disease (structural heart disease, heart failure, chronic hypertension complicated)
• Left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%
• Pre-gestational diabetes
• Chronic kidney disease
• Multiple pregnancy
• Other severe comorbidities that could affect cardiac function independently of preeclampsia