Deprescribing Intervention Among Nursing Home Residents With Major Neurocognitive Disorders

A quasi-experimental, cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) based on the results of a pilot study (). The study will take place over 6 months in 6 nursing homes (NHs) of the greater Quebec City Health Board, the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN). Three NHs will be randomized to the intervention arm, three others will serve as controls, where care will be dispensed as usual. Informed consent will be sought from the representative of NH residents with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs).

Intervention in experimental NHs First, all members of the care teams, i.e. nursing staff, physicians and pharmacists, will receive an enriched continuous education-knowledge exchange session to inform them on the study rationale and the means of medication optimization. This session will provide tools and strategies on adjustment of certain medications (e.g. less stringent treatment goals for control of glycaemia or hypertension, alternatives to benzodiazepines). There will be an additional emphasis on tapering and discontinuation of antipsychotics. Second, the validated lists of "generally", "sometimes" or "rarely" appropriate medications for NH residents with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs) will be provided to the experimental NHs' staff. They will also receive algorithms on tapering of antipsychotics. The pharmacists will initiate the intervention by performing at least one medication review for each participating resident, shortly after baseline, and additional reviews if required by the participant's clinical condition. The pharmacists' medication review will result in recommendations to be discussed with nurses and the responsible physician in usual care team meetings.

Outcomes Medication regimens will be recorded over 6 months and the active medications corresponding to the lists of "generally", "sometimes" or "rarely" appropriate medications counted. At baseline and 6 months after the beginning of the intervention, participating residents will be observed for signs of discomfort (PACSLAC) and agitation (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory).

Inclusion criteria

• Clinical diagnosis of Major neurocognitive disorders, OR severe dementia (stage 7 on the Reisberg Functional Assessment Staging Tool) of any type;
• Able to swallow
• Having prescribed medication

Exclusion criteria

• Has been at the nursing home for less than 2 months at the time of enrollment.