Defining Benchmarks for Gastric Cancer Patients Underwent Minimal Invasive Gastrectomy

Median values of continuous variables and the proportions of categorical variables were calculated per participating centre. Benchmark values, indicating 'best achievable' results for each outcome indicator, were set at the 25th percentile for positive parameters (for example lymph node yield) or the 75th percentile for negative parameters (for example complications) of the centers' median values. Postoperative complications were evaluated within 30 days following surgery. These postoperative complications include gastrointestinal-related complications, incision-related complications, respiratory complications, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, urinary system complications, infection complications, embolism complications, and other complications. The grading of postoperative complications adopts the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Benchmark values of 1-year, 2-year and 3-year OS. OS was defined as the time from surgery to death from any cause or last follow-up.

Benchmark values of 1-year, 2-year and 3-year DSS. DSS was defined as the time from surgery to death from gastric cancer, or last follow-up.

the number of harvest lymph nodes

Patient died during hospitalization.

Intraoperative complications were defined as bleeding due to named vessel injury, injury to visceral organs, mechanical factor-related problems, cardiopulmonary dysfunction due to hypercapnia, and other complications

Intraoperative blood loss

From skin incision to skin closure

Textbook outcome (TO) was defined based on review of existing TO metrics in the literature including outcomes such as complete-potentially curative status, no intraoperative complications, no eventful postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher), 15 lymph nodes(LNs) examined, hospital stay < 21days, no reintervention (surgical, endoscopic or radiological) within 30 days after surgery, no readmission to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 30 days after surgery, no postoperative mortality within 30 days after surgery, and no hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge. When all nine desired health outcomes were realized, TO was achieved.