Dark Chocolate and Glucose Levels in Diabetes

Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (10 participants each) will consume a Ross Chocolate or conventional sugar-sweetened dark chocolate bar on two occasions in a randomized crossover trial. Blood glucose levels will be measured by finger prick for 120 minutes after consumption to determine postprandial glucose excursions after consumption of each type of chocolate bar.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial was converted to be completed remotely/virtually with participants completing the testing at their home under the supervision of a research team member who will describe the study procedures and monitor testing via video conferencing.

Inclusion criteria

• physician-diagnosed T1D or T2D of ≥1 year;
• current HbA1c of 6.5-8.5%;
• BMI: 25-40 kg/m2;
• blood pressure of <160/99 mm Hg assessed according to guidelines;
• non-smoking;
• not on hormone replacement therapy, corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory medications;
• 18-75 years old.

Exclusion criteria

• Are taking more than 2 glucose lowering medications;
• Are ongoing medical treatment for diseases such as cancer, auto-immune or inflammatory disease, liver or kidney disorders;
• Have allergy, intolerance or aversion to cocoa, stevia, erythritol, inulin, or any other dietary restrictions (e.g., vegan) that will prevent them from following the standardized study diets;
• Are unable to follow remote guidance by internet or smartphone;
• Are unable to follow the controlled diet instructions;
• Are unable to read or communicate in English.