Cytokine and MMP Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in the Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRF by assessing gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) during the early and late stages of healing following coronally advanced flap (CAF) plus PRF or CAF plus connective tissue graft (CTG) treatment.

Primary outcome variables were biochemical parameters, such as: GCF MMP-8, -9, TIMP-1 and IL-1β levels. The secondary outcome variables were change in gingival recession expressed as recession reduction in millimeters at follow-up visits.

Sample size has been estimated in 24 subjects per treatment groups. Random allocation of the treatment sites to test (CAF+ PRF) and control (CAF + SCTG) groups will be performed using a computerized selection of random numbers for allocation of the study groups.

Biochemical parameters: GCF samples were obtained from each recession defect in each subject immediately prior to treatment of recessions and at 10 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery.

Periodontal parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession parameters including recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), and keratinized tissue width (KTW),were assessed by a calibrated examiner. At baseline and at 6 months, PD, RD, RW and KTW were evaluated by clinical assessment.

Follow-up of subjects: 6 months.

Inclusion criteria

• Similar bilateral Miller Class I or II localized gingival recessions at least ≥ 2 mm located on incisors, canines or premolars on both jaws
• Identifiable cementoenamel junction
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Presence of tooth vitality and absence of restorations and superficial caries in the area to be treated
• No periodontal surgical treatment in the previous 24 months on the involved sites
• Sufficient palatal donor tissue for the indicated SCTG.

Exclusion criteria

• Smoking
• Patients with a pregnancy or lactation period or self-reported history of antibiotic medication within three months
• Molar, mobile or teeth with crown or filling were also excluded.