Conversations in Health Literacy Using AI Technology for Osteoarthritis Patients

16 questions with Likert scale style answers ranging from 0 to 4. The raw score is converted to a score out of 100. The score ranges from 0 (no decisional conflict) to 100 (extremely high decisional conflict).

21 questions with Likert scale style answers ranging from 0 to 4. The raw score is the sum of the answers, which is converted to a score out of 100. The score ranges from 0 (low anxiety) to 63 (high anxiety).

7 questions with Likert scale style answers ranging from 0 to 4. The raw score is the sum of the answers, which is converted to a score out of 100. The score ranges from 0 (total knee disability) to 100 (perfect knee health).

6 questions with Likert scale style answers ranging from 0 to 4. The raw score is the sum of the answers, which is converted to a score out of 100. The score ranges from 0 (total hip disability) to 100 (perfect hip health).

10 questions with Likert scale style answers ranging from 1 to 5 and 1 question about pain with answers from 0 to 10. The questions are grouped into 4 sub-groups corresponding to physical and mental health main groups, in addition to the pain score. The raw scores are a sum of the answers for both physical and mental health range from 4 (poor physical or mental health) to 20 (best possible physical or mental health). The raw score is then converted to a t-score using the associated tables with the range 16.2 (worst possible physical or mental health) to 67.7 (best possible physical or mental health). The t-score is interpreted in comparison to the general population that has a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10.

3 questions evaluating pain and different time points, each with answers ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst pain imaginable).

Both questions 1 and 2 have Likert scale style answers from 1 (limited ability to navigate healthcare scenarios independently) to 5 (adequate ability to navigate healthcare scenarios independently).

This measure involves participants answering a series of questions based on their interpretation of a nutrition label. It includes 5 primary questions with an additional conditional question, making up to 6 questions in total, depending on the participant's responses. This assessment is designed to evaluate health literacy, specifically the ability to understand and apply nutritional information. The score is the sum of the correct answers, ranging from 0 (indicating limited health literacy) to 6 (indicating adequate health literacy).

9 questions each with 4 answers, in addition to an "I don't know" selection. The total score is the sum of the correct answers ranging from 0 (poor musculoskeletal health literacy) to 9 (excellent musculoskeletal health literacy).

7-item word recognition test to provide clinicians with a valid quick assessment of patient health literacy. The test is administered in-person by a clinician. The participant is given a list of words by a clinician and asked to pronounce the words. The clinician listens and evaluates the number of words the participant pronounces correctly and the total score is based on the number of words that are correctly pronounced. A higher score is indicative of higher health literacy. The maximum score of 7 is correlated with high health literacy equivalent to high school education or greater, and a participants ability to read most patient education materials. The minimum score of 0 is associated with low health literacy equivalent to third grade education or below, and a participants inability to read most low-literacy patient education materials.

This test will be used to evaluate the readability of the chatbot outputs that are presented to the participants, and will be conducted by an investigator. This test analyzes free text and determines a readability score ranging from 0 (very difficult to read) to 100 (very easy to read), and corresponds to the education level required to read the text.

This test will be used to evaluate the readability of the chatbot outputs that are presented to the participants and it will be conducted by an investigator. This test analyzes free text and determines a readability score with a minimum of 4.1721 and a maximum that is theoretically infinite. The number of the score is equivalent to the approximate school grade level required to read the text.

This safety evaluation tool will be used by a physician to assess chatbot outputs that are presented to the participant with a Likert scale ranging from 0 (no likelihood of harm) to 5 (high likelihood of harm).