The Effectiveness of a Herbal Supplement in Osteoarthritis.

Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, a validated, specialised instrument used to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function in people with osteoarthritis. Scores range from 0 to 96 (Likert version), with higher scores indicating worse pain (0-20), stiffness (0-8), and physical function (0-68).

Numeric Rating Scale. A specialised pain assessment tool, where patients rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates worst imaginable pain; higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

ICOAP. A Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain knee/hip To assess two distinct types of pain experienced by people with osteoarthritis-intermittent pain (comes and goes, 0 - 24) and constant pain (persistent, ongoing pain, 0 - 20). Scores range from 0 to 44, with higher scores indicating more severe osteoarthritis related pain.

EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire. A generic, widely used tool to measure health-related quality of life. It measures five dimensions: Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain/discomfort, Anxiety/depression. A score of 1 indicates no problems, while 5 indicates extreme problems in the respective dimension.

In addition, the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical scale ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst imaginable health state and 100 represents the best imaginable health state.

uCTX-II (urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen) is a biochemical marker measured in urine that reflects type II collagen degradation, which occurs primarily in articular cartilage.

Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, a validated, specialised instrument used to assess pain, stiffness, and physical function in people with osteoarthritis. Scores range from 0 to 96 (Likert version), with higher scores indicating worse pain (0-20), stiffness (0-8), and physical function (0-68).

Numeric Rating Scale. A specialised pain assessment tool, where patients rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates worst imaginable pain; higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

ICOAP. A Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain knee/hip To assess two distinct types of pain experienced by people with osteoarthritis-intermittent pain (comes and goes, 0 - 24) and constant pain (persistent, ongoing pain, 0 - 20). Scores range from 0 to 44, with higher scores indicating more severe osteoarthritis related pain.

Lequesne Functional Index. A specialised questionnaire used to evaluate the severity of osteoarthritis and its impact on daily function, particularly for the hip and knee. Scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater severity and worse functional impairment.

Lequesne Functional Index. A specialised questionnaire used to evaluate the severity of osteoarthritis and its impact on daily function, particularly for the hip and knee. Scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater severity and worse functional impairment.

Minimal Clinically Important Difference assessed by Patient Global Impression of Change.

PGIC is a specialised patient-reported outcome tool.

30-Second Chair Stand Test is a functional assessment that measures lower-body strength and endurance by recording the number of times an individual can rise to a full standing position from a seated position in 30 seconds, without using their arms.

30-Second Chair Stand Test is a functional assessment that measures lower-body strength and endurance by recording the number of times an individual can rise to a full standing position from a seated position in 30 seconds, without using their arms.

Stair Climb Test is a functional performance assessment that measures lower-limb strength, power, and mobility by timing how quickly an individual ascends and descends a set of stairs.

Stair Climb Test is a functional performance assessment that measures lower-limb strength, power, and mobility by timing how quickly an individual ascends and descends a set of stairs.

The 40-metre Fast-Paced Walk Test (4 × 10 m) is a functional mobility assessment that measures walking speed and dynamic balance by timing how quickly an individual completes four 10-metre walks at a fast but safe pace.

The 40-metre Fast-Paced Walk Test (4 × 10 m) is a functional mobility assessment that measures walking speed and dynamic balance by timing how quickly an individual completes four 10-metre walks at a fast but safe pace.

The GPAQ will be used to monitor physical activity patterns in participants, and detect possible changes.

Collection of adverse events to assess the safety and tolerability of the supplement

The use of rescue medication

Participants will be asked to complete a remote study satisfaction survey