Comparison of the Satiety Effect of a Very Low Energy Foam With Normal Energy Foams

The primary objective of this study is to assess if a very low energy foam has the same effect on satiety as the same volume of a reference normal energy foam, by testing for equivalence of these two foams. Treatment equivalence, is met if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of between-treatment differences in appetite AUC is within the range of -5 to +5 mm/min of the reference . Two other normal energy foams with slightly different compositions are also compared to the reference foam to test for possible effects of differences in composition (carbohydrate type, emulsifier) other than energy per se.

On each test day, volunteers will arrive at the clinic in a fasted state where they consume a standardized 250 kcal breakfast. Subjects receive one of the four test products 2.5 hours after start of breakfast and consume 400 ml of the test products with a spoon within 10 minutes. Each subject will be randomized to a treatment order according to a balanced (Williams type) design, and receive one of four test products each week for 4 weeks, separated by a one-week washout period (consumed on the same week day).

Inclusion criteria

• BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m² (inclusive)
• Apparently healthy: no medical conditions which might effect study measurements (judged by study physician).

Exclusion criteria

• Dislike, allergy or intolerance to test products
• Eating disorder (measured by SCOFF questionnaire, > 2 "yes" responses)
• High or very high restrained eater measured by Three factor eating questionnaire TFEQ, restriction score > 14
• Reported medical treatment that may affect eating habits/satiety