Comparison of Preoperative Frailty Assessment Tools

Measured by Clavien-Dindo classification

Measured using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0

Measured by Quality-of-Recovery-15 questionnaire

measured by bioimpedance prior to admission and before discharge from hospital

Measured by 3D-Confusion Assessment Method

days spent in hospital after surgery

e.g.:home, nursing home, other hospital

Using 5-Minute Montreal Cognitive Assessment (telephone-MOCA). A maximum of 15 points and a minumum of 0 points can be archieved; a higher score indicates better cognitive performance.

Measured by WHO-Quality of Life in older adults (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire. The WHOQOL-OLD is evaluated by calculating scores for its six facets and summing them, with higher scores indicating a better perceived quality of life.

Frailty assessment with Longitudinal Urban Cohort Aging Study Functional Index (LUCAS-FI)-questionnaire (telephone interview) The LUCAS-FI is evaluated by integrating both risk factors and protective resources, with the balance between them determining the degree of frailty.

frailty assessment with Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) questionnaire (telephone interview).

The GFI is evaluated by summing its item responses, with higher scores indicating a higher degree of frailty.

Frailty assessment by Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), (score filled by physician, patient telephone interview).

1 to 10 points can be archieved, more points indicate a greater level of frailty.

Frailty assessment with Risk Analysis Index (index filled by physician, patient telephone interview)