Skip to main content
OpenTrials
Recruiting

NCT Number: NCT07484529

Comparison of Aquatic and Land-Based Mulligan Mobilization With Movement in Knee Osteoarthritis

This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, with particular focus on their impact on pain and functional outcomes.

Recruiting

Interested in participating?

Request Info

Key information

Conditions

Knee Osteoarthritis Arthritis Joint Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis, Knee Rheumatic Diseases

Age range

40 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

About this study

This study aims to compare the effects of aquatic and land-based Mulligan mobilization with movement in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Specifically, it will examine and compare the impact of both intervention approaches on pain intensity and functional ability. By evaluating these outcomes, the study seeks to determine whether the aquatic environment offers additional therapeutic benefits over land-based treatment, thereby contributing to improved functional performance and overall quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 40-65 years
  • Bilateral knee osteoarthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology Clinical Classification system for at least 1 year
  • Kellgren & Lawrence grade 2 and 3
  • Able to walk independently/unaided

Exclusion criteria

  • Active participation in gyms, pool(swimming), or any other physical activity
  • Intra-articular corticosteroid injections in the last 3 months or hyaluronic knee injection in the last 6 months.
  • History of lower limb trauma/surgery, presence of fracture or lower limb deformity, or planned surgery within the study period
  • Any diagnosed severe cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, or psychological disease/impairment.
  • Individuals with aquaphobia (fear of water), discomfort performing aquatic exercises, or allergy/sensitivity to chlorine or other pool treatment chemicals.

Treatment and study plan

Aquatic Mobilization with Movement

Other

This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks inside the pool, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol.

Land Mobilization with Movement

Other

This intervention group will receive treatment for four weeks on land, in addition to the conventional knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation protocol.

Primary outcomes

  1. Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

    Time frame: 4 weeks

    The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a straightforward and reliable method for evaluating pain on a continuous visual range.The extreme limits of pain are represented by the straight line's ends, where 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the worst pain a person has ever felt.

  2. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)

    Time frame: 4 weeks

    It is used to assess activities of daily living, functional mobility, gait, general health, and quality of life. It has 24 items divided into 3 subscales: pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and physical function (17 items). The scores range from 0 to 4 for each subscale. The score ranges from 0 to 96, where zero indicates no pain, stiffness, and functional limitation. Higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitation.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Range of Motion of Knee

    Time frame: 4 weeks

    A Goniometer is used to measure active and passive range of motion for knee flexion and extension while the patient is lying on their back.

  2. Time Up and Go (TUG)

    Time frame: 4 weeks

    The Timed Up and Go test is a widely used measure of functional mobility in patients. Two trials are performed, with the fastest time recorded to the nearest 0.1 second. A shorter time indicates better functional performance.

  3. Intrinsic Motivational Inventory (IMI)

    Time frame: 4 weeks

    It is a multidimensional scale used to measure intrinsic motivation for personalized fitness program. The subscales of Interest/Enjoyment (IENJ), Perceived Competence (COMP), Effort/Importance (EIMP), and Tension/Pressure (TENP) will be used for the study. Each item will be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores of interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, effort/importance indicate better outcomes, while worse outcomes are indicated by increased scores or tension/pressure.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Imran Amjad, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

03324390125 ext. 03324390125

Suman Sheraz, PhD

CONTACT

[email protected]

03335646361 ext. 03335646361

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Comparison of Aquatic and Land-Based Mulligan Mobilization With Movement on Pain, and Function in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Mar 20, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 20, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Related clinical trials

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.