Comparison Between Effect of Systemic Fentanyl Infusion and Fentanyl Added as An Adjuvant to Lidocaine in Bier Block For Controlling Pain in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgeries

Injury and deformity of the upper extremity can result in dysfunction to nerves, tendons and bones which can lead to disability and pain.

Various techniques of regional anesthesia are frequently used for upper extremity surgery. Specifically, intravenous regional anesthesia, the Bier block, is an effective anesthetic technique. This technique, developed by Dr August Bier in 1908, provides complete anesthesia, a bloodless field, and eliminates the need for general anesthesia. However, it was not until the 1960s that this technique was reintroduced and used in upper extremity surgery due to several disadvantages and reports of major complications. Because of the dose of lidocaine and tourniquet time, there is potential for cardiac and neurological complications such as arrhythmias, seizures, and compartment syndrome

Inclusion criteria

• Patients age from 18 years to 40 years

• Both sex
• Patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical Status class I and II
• BMI less than 40

Exclusion criteria

• • Patients who refuse to participate in study.

• Uncooperative patients.
• Patient with crush injury
• Peripheral vascular, neurological or muscle diseases.
• Coagulation disorders that affect the blood's clotting activities e.g.: Hemophilia.
• History of hypersensitivity to the drugs being evaluated