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NCT Number: NCT07062926

Comparative Effects of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Post Facilitation Stretch Among Fast Bowlers

This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Pain, shoulder mobility, and functional ability will be measured before and after the intervention to identify the more effective technique

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Key information

Conditions

Sports Physical Therapy Arthralgia Joint Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Shoulder Pain Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–35 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Pakistan Sports Board

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000, Pakistan

About this study

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of the Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in treating shoulder pain among fast bowlers. A total of 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35 years with chronic shoulder pain will be recruited from the Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups, each receiving one of the two treatments three times a week for four weeks, preceded by hot pack application. Pain, shoulder range of motion, and functional disability will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, inclinometer, and Quick-DASH questionnaire. The study seeks to determine which technique offers better outcomes for managing shoulder pain in fast bowlers.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Fast bowlers
  • Both male and female.
  • aged 18-35 years.
  • Stiff painful shoulder joint for at least 3 months.
  • Willingness to participate in the study and provide informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

  • ● Rotator cuff tears.
  • Rheumatoid and gouty arthritis.
  • Tumors of the shoulder region.
  • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the shoulder.
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome, peripheral nerve injuries, shoulder girdle fractures, dislocations.

Treatment and study plan

Spencer Muscle Energy Technique

Other

Spencer muscle energy technique participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks. Group A will undergo Spencer Muscle Energy Technique for 30 minutes

Other names: Assigned

Post facilitation stretch

Other

Post facilitation stretch participants will receive a hot pack for 7-10 minutes followed by their respective treatments, three times a week for four weeks.post facilitation stretching process was repeated 5 times with 10 second interval between each stretch.

Other names: Assigned

Primary outcomes

  1. Visual Analogue Scale

    Time frame: 4 Weeks

    Pain intensity was measured using a 10-cm VAS, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Scores were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention.

  2. Range of Motion

    Time frame: 4 Weeks

    Active shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation were assessed using a digital inclinometer. Each movement was measured three times and averaged. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention period.

  3. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) Score

    Time frame: 4 Weeks

    A validated questionnaire used to assess functional disability of the upper limb. It consists of 11 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Final scores range from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability). It was recorded pre- and post-intervention.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Muhammad Atif Javed, PP-DPT

CONTACT

[email protected]

03317491071

Syeda Tehreem Fatima, DPT

CONTACT

[email protected]

03311430000

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Comparative Effects of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique Versus Post Facilitation Stretch on Pain, Range of Motion, and Functional Disability Among Fast Bowlers With Shoulder Pain

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 14, 2025
Registry last updated
Jun 10, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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