Combined taVNS and tDCS in Subacute Stroke Patients

• Description: The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a widely used 6-point disability scale evaluating the degree of disability or dependence in daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke.
• Scale Range: 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe disability).
• Score Interpretation: Higher scores indicate a worse outcome, reflecting increased disability.

• Description: The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a stroke-specific, performance-based impairment index designed to assess motor functioning, balance, sensation, and joint functioning in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. It evaluates the motor recovery post-stroke, focusing on voluntary movements and joint functions.
• Scale Range:

Upper Extremity (UE): 0 to 66 Lower Extremity (LE): 0 to 34

• Score Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better motor functioning, reflecting greater voluntary movement capability and reduced impairment.

• Description: The WMFT is designed to assess motor ability through timed and functional tasks in individuals with upper extremity motor impairment.
• Scale Range:

Timed Tasks: Seconds to complete, up to 120 seconds per task. Functional Tasks: Scored 0 to 5 on functional ability.

• Score Interpretation:

Timed Tasks: Lower completion times indicate better motor function. Functional Tasks: Higher scores represent greater functional ability and more normal movement patterns.

• Description: The TUG test measures the time taken by an individual to stand up from a seated position, walk a short distance, turn around, walk back, and sit down.
• Scale Range: Time in seconds.
• Score Interpretation: Lower times indicate better mobility and balance.

• Description: HRV is used to evaluate autonomic nervous system function by analyzing the variation in time intervals between heartbeats.
• Scale Range:

SDNN: Measured in milliseconds, with a wide variability range. RMSSD: Also measured in milliseconds, with higher values indicating increased parasympathetic activity.

• Score Interpretation: Higher HRV values signify greater heart rate variability, typically reflecting better autonomic function and cardiovascular health.

• Description: The MoCA is utilized to assess various cognitive abilities, including memory, language, attention, and spatial and temporal orientation, offering a comprehensive overview of an individual's cognitive status.
• Scale Range: The total score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance.
• Score Interpretation: Scores near 30 suggest normal cognitive functioning, while scores below 26 may indicate cognitive impairments, warranting further clinical evaluation.

• Description: The MADRS is a clinician-administered scale assessing the depth and severity of depressive symptoms, focusing on both psychological and physical aspects of depression. It is valuable in tracking symptom changes and treatment efficacy.
• Scale Range: The total score ranges from 0 to 60, derived from ten items each scored from 0 to 6.
• Score Interpretation: Scores nearer to 60 reflect more severe depression, while lower scores indicate milder depressive symptoms.

• Description: The EQ-5D-5L is a comprehensive tool assessing health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each rated on a five-point severity scale.
• Scale Range:

Descriptive Profile: 1 (no problems) to 5 (extreme problems) for each dimension.

EQ VAS: 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state).

• Score Interpretation:

Descriptive Profile: Lower scores indicate better health status in each dimension.

EQ VAS: Higher scores reflect better overall health and quality of life.