Combined Ketorolac Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Alone for TAP Block in Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries

This prospective randomized controlled study were carried out in Sohag university hospitals after getting approval from medical research ethics committee and written informed consents from the patients' parents or legal guardians. This study included 90 ASA status I and II children aged 6-12 years undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries.Preoperative assessment:

• History taking from the parents.
• Complete physical examination.
• Laboratory investigations: Complete Blood Picture and coagulation profile. Preoperative preparation

Before starting, standard monitoring will be as follow:

• Non-invasive blood pressure (systolic and diastolic).
• Peripheral Oxygen saturation (SpO2%). After insertion of intravenous line, all children will receive atropine premedication (0.01-0.02 mg/kg). General anesthesia will be induced using propofol 1% (2 mg/kg), atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia will be maintained using isoflurane (1-2%) with controlled ventilation.At the end of operation, muscle relaxant is reversed using neostigmine and atropine.

Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters will be recorded throughout the surgery at fixed intervals (at time of skin incision then after every 5 min till the end of surgery).

Then TAP block were done under ultrasound guidance using either bupivacaine and ketorolac or bupivacaine alone

Inclusion criteria

• ASA status I and II children Age 6-12 years Elective lower abdominal surgeries.

Exclusion criteria

• Parents' or legal guardians' refusal.
• A history of developmental delay or mental retardation.
• ASA III and IV.
• A known allergy to ketorolac or bupivacaine.
• Hemodynamic unstable patient
• Urgent surgeries