Cochlear Implantation in Cases of Single-Sided Deafness

Results on recorded speech perception materials: monosyllabic (Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant) words in quiet during the first year of device use.

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the cochlear implant on versus off. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in root-mean-squared (RMS) error. A lower value indicates better performance. Results are compared during the first year of cochlear implant use.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires in order to evaluate the perceived benefits of cochlear implantation. For the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of hearing questionnaire, participants rank their perceived abilities on a scale of 0-10. Higher values indicate more perceived abilities. Results are reported as the total score at each interval, which is the average of the responses from all questions for the questionnaire.

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) from the front and the 10-talker masker 90 degrees towards the normal/better hearing ear. Scored as the percent correctly repeated.

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the cochlear implant on versus off. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in variable error. A lower value indicates better performance. Results are compared during the first year of cochlear implant use.

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the cochlear implant on versus off. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in constant error. A lower value indicates better performance. Results are compared during the first year of cochlear implant use.

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the cochlear implant on versus off. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in adjusted constant error. A lower value indicates better performance. Results are compared during the first year of cochlear implant use.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires in order to evaluate the perceived benefits of cochlear implantation. For the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, participants rank their perceived difficulty on a scale of 1-99, with lower values indicate less perceived difficulty. The global score is average response across questions for the ease of communication, reverberation, and effectiveness in background noise subscales.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires to order to evaluate the perceived benefits of cochlear implantation. For the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, participants rank their perceived tinnitus severity on a scale of 0-100, with lower values indicate less tinnitus severity. Responses across all questions are summed to derive the total score.

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) from the front and the 10-talker masker 90 degrees towards the poorer hearing ear (implanted ear). Scored as the percent correctly repeated.

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) and the 10-talker masker from the front speaker. Scored as the percent correctly repeated.

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) and the 4-talker masker from the front speaker. Scored as dB signal-to-noise ratio that the listener gets 50% speech understanding. Lower numbers indicate better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) from the front and the 4-talker masker 90 degrees towards the normal/better hearing ear. Scored as dB signal-to-noise ratio that the listener gets 50% speech understanding. A lower value indicates better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

Results on recorded speech perception materials: sentence recognition in noise with the target (speaker) from the front and the 4-talker masker 90 degrees towards the poorer hearing ear (implanted ear). Scored as dB signal-to-noise ratio that the listener gets 50% speech understanding. Lower values indicate better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

Results on recorded speech perception materials: aided word recognition. Recorded 50-word CNC words were evaluated preoperatively with a conventional hearing aid. Performance was compared to the CI alone at the 12 month interval. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Percent correct data were converted to rationalized arcsine units (RAU) prior to data analysis to control for potential floor or ceiling effects (e.g., scores <20%).

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the cochlear implant on versus with a bone-conduction device. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in root-mean-squared (RMS) error. A lower value indicates better performance.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires. For the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, participants rank their perceived difficulty on a scale of 1-99, with lower values indicate less perceived difficulty. The global score is the average response across questions for the ease of communication, reverberation, and effectiveness in background noise subscales.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires. For the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, participants rank their perceived tinnitus severity on a scale of 0-100, with lower values indicate less tinnitus severity. Responses across all questions are summed to derive the total score.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires. For the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of hearing questionnaire, participants rank their perceived abilities on a scale of 0-10. Higher values indicate more perceived abilities. Results are reported as the total score at each interval, which is the average of the responses from all questions for the questionnaire.

Recorded AzBio sentences in a 10-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Percent correct data were converted to rationalized arcsine units (RAU) prior to data analysis.

Recorded AzBio sentences in a 10-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Percent correct data were converted to rationalized arcsine units (RAU) prior to data analysis.

Recorded AzBio sentences in a 10-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Percent correct data were converted to rationalized arcsine units (RAU) prior to data analysis.

Recorded BKB sentences in a 4-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Results are reported in dB SNR, where a lower value indicates better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

Recorded BKB sentences in a 4-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Results are reported in dB SNR, where a lower value indicates better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

Recorded BKB sentences in a 4-talker masker were evaluated in 2 conditions: 1) bone-conduction device at the preoperative interval and 2) with the cochlear implant (CI) at the 12-month post-activation period. A paired samples t-test compared the performance with the two devices. Results are reported in dB SNR, where a lower value indicates better performance (range -7.5 to 23.5 dB SNR).

The speech perception (cochlear implant recipients with UHL/SSD) to a control group of implantable bone-conduction device recipients (alternative treatment option). Participants in the control group had at least 12 months of listening experience with their implanted bone-conduction device prior to study participation. Sentence recognition was assessed in a 10-talker masker at 0 dB SNR with the target speech presented from the front and the masker (1) presented from the front (SoNo), (2) presented towards the implanted ear (SoNbc), and (3) presented towards the acoustic ear (SoNnh). Performance was scored as the percent of words correctly repeated, with higher values indicating better performance. The task was completed with the participants listening with their bone-conduction device on versus off.

The speech perception outcomes in the study population (cochlear implant recipients with UHL/SSD) to a control group of implantable bone-conduction device recipients (alternative treatment option). Participants in the control group had at least 12 months of listening experience with their implanted bone-conduction device prior to study participation. Sentence recognition was assessed in a 4-talker masker with the target speech presented from the front and the masker (1) presented from the front, (2) presented towards the implanted ear, and (3) presented towards the acoustic ear. Performance was scored as the dB SNR when the participant understood 50% correct, with lower values indicating better performance. Participants completed the task with the device on and off.

Subjects were asked to identify the noise source from an 11-speaker array with the bone-conduction device on versus off. The intensity level of the stimulus was randomly varied (10 dB around 70 dB SPL) to limit the listener relying on level effects. Responses at each intensity level (i.e., 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL) for a given sound source (speaker) were combined (averaged). Results are reported in root-mean-squared (RMS) error. A lower value indicates better performance. Subjects in the control group were implantable bone-conduction device recipients (alternative treatment option) with at least 12 months of listening experience with their implanted bone-conduction device. Participants completed the task with their device on and off.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires. For the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of hearing questionnaire, participants rank their perceived abilities on a scale of 0-10. Higher values indicate more perceived abilities. Results are reported as the average responses across questions for each subscale (Speech Hearing, Spatial Hearing, and Qualities of Hearing). Results are also reported as the total score at each interval, which is the average of the responses from all questions for the questionnaire.

Participants in the control group had at least 12 months of listening experience with their implanted bone-conduction device prior to study participation.

Subjects completed subjective questionnaires. For the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, participants rank their perceived difficulty on a scale of 1-99, with lower values indicate less perceived difficulty. Results are reported as the average responses for each of the four subscales: ease of communication, reverberation, effectiveness in background noise, and reverberation. The global score is the average response across questions for the ease of communication, reverberation, and effectiveness in background noise subscales.

Participants in the control group had at least 12 months of listening experience with their implanted bone-conduction device prior to study participation.

Participants completed an adaptive pitch matching task that compared the pitch of acoustic stimulation presented to their normal hearing ear with the perception of stimulation from the cochlear implant. Two stimuli were used: clicks & tones. Pitch perception was evaluated for the 5 most apical electrodes. A normalized score was obtained (normalized score = geometric mean of the responses / electric center frequency of the evaluated electrode); that is, the normalized score = perceived frequency / frequency information presented by the electrode. Results are reported as the averaged normalized score for clicks & tones for each electrode (electrodes 1-5) at each interval (1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-activation). A value of 1.0 indicates the participant perceived the same frequency as the center frequency presented by the electrode. A value < 1.0 indicates a lower perceived pitch and a value > 1.0 indicates a higher perceived pitch than the electric frequency information.