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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06413251

Clinical Effectiveness of Boxing Training in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure or Stage 1 Hypertension

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether boxing training reduces cardiovascular risk in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.

The main questions it aims to answer are (1) if boxing training reduces peripheral and central blood pressure and (2) if boxing training improves cardiovascular function in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.

Participants with elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 will be randomly divided into a control group or an intervention group. The latter group will be involved in boxing training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.

Researchers will compare clinical and cardiovascular outcomes between the control and the intervention group.

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Key information

Conditions

Elevated Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension Vascular Diseases

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

The University of Texas at El Paso

El Paso, Texas, 79968, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • ≥18 years old.
  • Systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mmHg obtained from 2 different days.
  • an estimated 10-year risk of CVD ≤10%, calculated by the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations.
  • no current participation in 3 or more days per week of endurance or resistance exercise training.

Exclusion criteria

  • non-controlled cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic diseases.
  • smoking, consumption of nutritional supplements containing antioxidants.
  • any physical impairment to exercise.

Treatment and study plan

Boxing training

Other

The boxing training intervention will consist of three exercise sessions per week on nonconsecutive days for six weeks. Participants will be instructed to complete 10 rounds of three minutes with a one-minute resting period interspersed. Four rounds will consist of heavy bag punching (e.g. straight, jab, hook) at 60% VO2max and three rounds at 90-95% VO2max, while the remaining 3 rounds will be focused on mitt work at 60% VO2max.

Other names: Exercise

Control flexibility

Other

The control group will perform three days per week 10 minutes of dynamic articular movement, five minutes of uni pedal stance, and five minutes of stretching of the upper limbs for six weeks.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change from baseline brachial blood pressure after week six

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Central Blood Pressure

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Pulse wave analysis (mmHg)

  2. Vascular function

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Flow mediated dilation (%)

  3. Plethysmography

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Forearm and Calf Blood Flow (ml/min/100 ml tissue)

  4. Maximum Oxygen Uptake

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Cardiopulmonary Test (ml/kg/min)

  5. Nitric Oxide Bioavailability

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker NOx (μmol/L)

  6. Body Fat Percentage

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess Body Fat %

  7. Lean Mass

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess lean mass (kg)

  8. Quality of Life measured by the short-form 36 (SF-36)

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    The short form 36 (SF-36) is a short survey that covers a total of 8 sub-dimensions related to physical and mental health: (1) Physical Functioning, (2) Role Limitations due to Physical Problems, (3) Social Functioning, (4) Bodily Pain, (5) General Mental Health, (6) Role Limitations due to Mental Problems, (7) Vitality, and (8) General Health Perceptions. The SF-36 includes a diverse mixture of continuous item scaling methods and is comprised of 10 items with balanced multi-item response formats (range from 1 to 5), 7 items with a dichotomous response format (1 or 2), and 19 items with non-balanced multi-item response formats (nine items range from 1 to 3 and ten items range from 1 to 6). To obtain the raw score for each sub-dimension, 10 items are reversed. Then, raw values for each sub-dimension are summed. Finally, the raw scores are transformed to a 0-to-100 scale for each sub-dimension. Higher scores indicate higher Quality of Life from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

  9. Arterial Stiffness

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Pulse wave velocity from carotid to femoral artery (m/s)

  10. C Reactive Protein (CRP) to assess inflammation

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker CRP (mg/L)

  11. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to assess inflammation

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker IL-6 (pg/ml)

  12. Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) to assess inflammation

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker TNFα (pg/ml)

  13. 8-isoprostane to assess inflammation

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker 8-isoprostane (pg/ml)

  14. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) to assess oxidative stress

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker SOD (mU/ml)

  15. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) to assess oxidative stress

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarker TAC (mM/ml)

  16. Lipid Profile

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Blood Biomarkers HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol (mg/dl)

  17. Weight

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Weight in kilograms

  18. Height

    Time frame: pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention

    Height in meters

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Texas, El Paso

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Boxing Training Effects on Cardiovascular Risk, Quality of Life, Endothelial Function, and Blood Flow Patterns in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure or Stage 1 Hypertension

Important dates

Study start
2020
Primary completion
2020
Study completion
2020
First posted
May 14, 2024
Registry last updated
May 14, 2024

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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