Building Cognitive Behavioural Skills With StoryBooks to Reduce Emotional Difficulties in Kindergarten Years

This consists of questions with a likert type response ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 7, measuring parent's perception of their child's coping efficacy in anxiety-inducing situations, which they nominate. In this study, the Coping Questionnaire is modified to have 4 questions, each pre-defined to be in keeping with each the four audiobook's anxiety-inducing situations. A higher score indicates a better outcome.

This consists of 8 emotional target words that are repeated throughout the 4 audiobooks. Each word is linked to common elements of CBT which are found in each of the four audiobooks, these include relaxation in book 1, social skills in book 2, graded exposure in book 3, cognitive techniques in book 4 and psychoeducation across all 4 books. Each word is scored as 0,1 or 2 denoting incorrect, partially correct and correct. Higher scores denote a better outcome.

Children are asked to verbally tell two personal stories, based on the first and the last books of the audiobooks in the cognitive behavioural arm. Higher scores denote better outcomes.

This measures the presence and severity of children's overall anxiety and six subtypes of anxiety: generalised anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, physical injury fears, social anxiety, and separation anxiety. This has 28 items, with each item's minimum value of 0 and a maximum of 4. A higher score denotes a worse outcome.

This is a 17-question parental report screen on children's internalising, attention and externalising problems, with a never/sometimes/often type response, designed for use in children age 4-15 years old. A higher score denotes a worse outcome.

This has 29 questions with a never/seldom/sometimes/often/always response (ranging from 0 to 4), measuring children's emotional function in the domains of temper control, social assertiveness, and anxiety control. A higher score denotes a better outcome.

This has 51 questions and measures children's social emotional learning in the domains of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills and responsible decision-making, with a never/seldom/sometimes/often/always response. Individual item scores range from 0 to 4 with a higher score denoting a better outcome.

Parents will also be asked to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the CB preventative programme, through a 12-item questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of items in the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) subscales. Each item's response is completely disagree/disagree/neither agree nor disagree/agree/completely agree. Each item is scored as a minimum of 1 and maximum of 5, with higher scores denoting better outcomes.

Four questions after each session are asked on the scale of none/less than half/more than half/all. These pertain to the extent to which the pages were turned, audio was played, questions were asked and activities completed. Each question is scored from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 3, with higher scores denoting better outcomes.

The amount of usable data at baseline and post test will be monitored

The number of participants who withdraw from the study will be monitored

The number of participants across the span of the enrollment period of the study will be measured.

Consists of 8 items, where children are asked to verbally define words that are elaborated in the language arm. Each word is scored as 0,1 or 2 denoting incorrect, partially correct and correct. Higher scores denote a better outcome.

Children are asked to verbally tell two personal stories, based on the first and the last books of the audiobooks in the language arm. Higher scores denote better outcomes.

To re-tell a story with pictures, and answer comprehension questions, from the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). Higher scores denote better outcomes.