"Bliib Fit - Mach Mit!" in Residential Care Facilities

Lower extremity function and mobility is assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (standing balance, gait speed, lower extremity strength). The SPPB is an objective and valid measurement instrument to assess lower extremity function and mobility (> 65 years of age). The measurement instrument consists of three physical tasks: walking, chair-rise-test (sit-to-stand) and standing balance.

Upper extremity strength is assessed using the grip strength test (hand dynamometer). It is a relevant and valid assessment in older adults to assess muscle strength and overall physical function. Participants squeeze a hand dynamometer as hard as they can, three times with each hand.

Aerobic endurance is assessed via the 2-Minutes Walking test. The 2MWT is a submaximal exercise test to assess overall physical fitness and endurance in research and clinical practice. The distance covered in two minutes is recorded. Reference values for adults are available to determine presence of impairments in walking ability, functional endurance, and overall functional status. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) are measured before and after the test using a pulse oximeter. Furthermore, dyspnea and the effort in both legs are measured before and after the test using the Borg scale.

The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) is a validated 20-item questionnaire to determine health-related quality of life and comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme problems.

The FES-I Scale is a 16-item questionnaire to measure the concern of falling among older people and addresses various demanding activities inside and outside the home as well as social activities. The levels of concern about falling when carrying out different activities is rated on a four-point scale ranging from 1 = not all concerned to 4= very concerned.

The Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) evaluates individuals' confidence in their ability to participate in physical activity and serves as a valuable tool for measuring self-efficacy in this domain. The scale includes six variables and uses a 10-point response scale ranging from "not at all confident" to "very confident," with an option for no response.

GENEactiv motion sensors (accelerometers) are used to examine daily physical activity levels over seven days. The lightweight device delivers continuous recording of high-resolution acceleration, which enables to classify a person's daily activities in terms of spent lying, sitting, standing, walking (steps), and sleeping. The device places minimal strain on the wearer, is waterproof, and will be worn as a wristband.